Health promotion addresses and supports the prevention of ill health without focusing on a treatment or cure. It allows for individuals to increase control over their health through social and environmental interventions.
Public Health Wales is an NHS organisation whose purpose is to protect and improve health and well-being and reduce health inequalities. The organisation is striving to achieve a healthier future for Wales.
They report that the current health priorities include:
Health promotion campaigns raise awareness of targeted health issues and encourage individuals to seek information and services. Through an increase of knowledge, individuals over time can change their attitudes towards the targeted health issue. Long term, particularly when a health promotion programme or intervention is offered, individuals can be supported to change their behaviour.
As health promotion is aimed to raise awareness about a specific health outcome, campaigns may need to be adopted depending on the community’s needs.
Campaigns are developed to target specific preventable health issues which are causing the population harm, ill health and mortality. Public Health Wales have a number of active campaigns including: reducing smoking prevalence, increasing physical activity, promoting healthy weight and preventing harm through behaviours such as substance misuse.
Health harming behaviours are behaviours which can lead to premature ill health and increase risk of disease such as smoking, alcohol use, poor diet, low levels of exercise and unsafe sexual behaviour.
Methods that can be used to support individuals and/or their families/carers to understand the implications of health harming behaviors, the benefits of making lifestyle changes, and to encourage individuals to take personal responsibility include:
Realistic changes to lifestyle are small changes which can have a positive impact on one’s own health. For example, increasing physical activity, healthy eating, reduction or abstinence from tobacco and alcohol.
Achieving realistic lifestyle changes are dependent on the personal circumstances of the individual and/or their families/ carers due to a number of factors including motivation to change, accessibility, finances, social contradictions, ability to engage in physical activity and access to healthier food options.
A role model is an individual who is looked up to, whose behaviour is imitated. Being a role model in health promotion means being an exemplar of a healthy individual and campaigning health and well-being so that healthy behaviours can be imitated. Personal attributes of a role model include being a caring, non-judgemental, inspiring, trustworthy, self-caring and knowledgeable individual.
Public Health Wales: http://bit.ly/30hJrUk
World Health Organisation: http://bit.ly/300tvWd
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence: http://bit.ly/2Mdnbr6
Mae hybu iechyd yn ymwneud ag atal salwch heb ganolbwyntio ar driniaeth na gwellhad ac yn cefnogi'r broses honno. Mae'n galluogi unigolion i gynyddu eu rheolaeth dros eu hiechyd drwy ymyriadau cymdeithasol ac amgylcheddol.
Mae Iechyd Cyhoeddus Cymru yn un o sefydliadau'r GIG a'i ddiben yw diogelu a gwella iechyd a lles a lleihau anghydraddoldebau iechyd. Mae'r sefydliad yn anelu at sicrhau dyfodol iachach i Gymru.
Ar hyn o bryd, mae ei flaenoriaethau o ran iechyd yn cynnwys y canlynol:
Mae ymgyrchoedd hybu iechyd yn codi ymwybyddiaeth o broblemau iechyd wedi'u targedu ac yn annog unigolion i chwilio am wybodaeth a chael gafael ar wasanaethau. Drwy gynyddu eu gwybodaeth, dros amser gall unigolion newid eu hagweddau tuag at y mater iechyd wedi'i dargedu. Yn yr hirdymor, yn enwedig pan gaiff rhaglen neu ymyrraeth hybu iechyd ei chynnig, gellir helpu unigolion i newid eu hymddygiad.
Nod hybu iechyd yw codi ymwybyddiaeth o ganlyniad iechyd penodol, felly, mae'n bosibl y bydd angen mabwysiadu ymgyrchoedd gan ddibynnu ar anghenion y gymuned.
Caiff ymgyrchoedd eu datblygu i dargedu problemau iechyd penodol y gellir eu hatal sy'n achosi niwed, salwch a marwolaethau ymhlith y boblogaeth. Mae nifer o ymgyrchoedd ar waith gan Iechyd Cyhoeddus Cymru, gan gynnwys: lleihau nifer yr unigolion sy'n ysmygu, cynyddu gweithgarwch corfforol, hybu pwysau iach ac atal niwed drwy ymddygiad megis camddefnyddio sylweddau.
Gall ymddygiadau sy'n niweidiol i iechyd arwain at achosion o salwch cynamserol a chynyddu'r risg o afiechydon megis ysmygu, defnyddio alcohol, deiet gwael, lefelau isel o ymarfer corff ac ymddygiad rhywiol anniogel.
Mae'r dulliau y gellir eu defnyddio i helpu unigolion a/neu eu teuluoedd/gofalwyr i ddeall goblygiadau ymddygiadau sy'n niweidiol i iechyd a buddiannau newid eu ffordd o fyw ac i annog unigolion i gymryd cyfrifoldeb personol yn cynnwys y canlynol:
Mae newidiadau realistig i ffordd o fyw unigolion yn newidiadau bach a all gael effaith gadarnhaol ar iechyd yr unigolyn hwnnw. Er enghraifft, cynyddu gweithgarwch corfforol, bwyta'n iach, gostwng lefelau tybaco neu alcohol neu roi'r gorau iddynt.
Mae cyflawni newidiadau realistig i ffordd o fyw unigolion yn dibynnu ar amgylchiadau personol yr unigolyn a/neu ei deulu/gofalwyr o ganlyniad i nifer o ffactorau, gan gynnwys cymhelliant i newid, hygyrchedd, cyllid, anghysondebau cymdeithasol, y gallu i gymryd rhan mewn gweithgarwch corfforol a'r gallu i fanteisio ar opsiynau bwyta'n iachach.
Mae model rôl yn unigolyn y mae pobl yn ei barchu ac y caiff ei ymddygiad ei efelychu. Ystyr bod yn fodel rôl ym maes hybu iechyd yw bod yn esiampl o unigolyn iach ac ymgyrchu ym maes iechyd a lles er mwyn gallu efelychu ymddygiad iach. Mae nodweddion personol model rôl yn cynnwys bod yn unigolyn gofalgar, nad yw'n barnu, ysbrydoledig, dibynadwy, hunanofalgar a gwybodus.
Iechyd Cyhoeddus Cymru: http://bit.ly/2Zaaaos
Sefydliad Iechyd y Byd: http://bit.ly/300tvWd
Y Sefydliad Cenedlaethol dros Ragoriaeth mewn Iechyd a Gofal: http://bit.ly/2Mdnbr6
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Awgrymiadau 1: Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit. Modi est praesentium earum exercitationem, accusantium molestiae asperiores reiciendis aliquam doloribus, delectus, cumque odio omnis rem, aliquid et. Quisquam eius, incidunt ab.
This can be achieved through the following examples:
By supporting individuals to identify realistic opportunities to change their lifestyle you are supporting a healthier Wales. Achieving realistic lifestyle changes are dependent on the personal circumstances of the individual and/or their families/ carers due to a number of factors including motivation to change, accessibility, finances, social contradictions, ability to engage in physical activity, disease and access to healthier food options. Therefore, these aspects need to be considered to ensure the opportunity can be realistically achieved by the individual.
The plan needs to be realistic, achievable and attainable. It needs to be developed co-productively and targeting a specific health outcome that the individual wants to achieve which can overall improve their health and well-being.
Acknowledgement and reinforcement of the efforts individuals have made to change provides motivation leading to behaviour changes.
To enhance the behaviour change, individuals should be encouraged to keep track of their changes. This can be achieved through support of technology applications on smart phones (such as stop smoking apps), weight records, food diaries, exercise plans. Goals should be set in collaboration with the individual so that the outcomes of the lifestyle change can be reviewed and evaluated.
Gellir cyflawni hyn drwy'r enghreifftiau canlynol:
Drwy helpu unigolion i nodi cyfleoedd realistig i newid eu ffordd o fyw, rydych yn helpu i greu Cymru iachach. Mae cyflawni newidiadau realistig i'w ffordd o fyw yn dibynnu ar amgylchiadau personol yr unigolyn a/neu ei deulu/gofalwyr o ganlyniad i nifer o ffactorau, gan gynnwys cymhelliant i newid, hygyrchedd, cyllid, anghysondebau cymdeithasol, y gallu i gymryd rhan mewn gweithgarwch corfforol, afiechydon a'r gallu i fanteisio ar opsiynau bwyta'n iachach. Felly, mae angen ystyried yr agweddau hyn er mwyn sicrhau bod cyfle realistig y gall yr unigolyn gyflawni'r newidiadau.
Mae angen i'r cynllun fod yn realistig, yn gyflawnadwy ac yn gyraeddadwy. Mae angen ei ddatblygu mewn ffordd gydgynhyrchiol a chan dargedu canlyniad iechyd penodol y mae'r unigolyn am ei gyflawni a all wella ei iechyd a'i les cyffredinol.
Mae cydnabod ac atgyfnerthu ymdrechion unigolion i newid yn darparu cymhelliant gan arwain at newidiadau mewn ymddygiad.
Er mwyn gwella'r newid mewn ymddygiad, dylid annog unigolion i gofnodi eu newidiadau. Gellir gwneud hyn drwy ddefnyddio rhaglenni technolegol ar ffonau deallus (fel apiau ar gyfer rhoi'r gorau i ysmygu), cofnodion pwysau, dyddiaduron bwyd, cynlluniau ymarfer corff. Dylid gosod nodau hefyd ar y cyd â'r unigolyn er mwyn gallu adolygu a gwerthuso canlyniadau'r newid i'w ffordd o fyw.
Hint 2: Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit. Modi est praesentium earum exercitationem, accusantium molestiae asperiores reiciendis aliquam doloribus, delectus, cumque odio omnis rem, aliquid et. Quisquam eius, incidunt ab.
Awgrymiadau 2: Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit. Modi est praesentium earum exercitationem, accusantium molestiae asperiores reiciendis aliquam doloribus, delectus, cumque odio omnis rem, aliquid et. Quisquam eius, incidunt ab.