The purpose of childcare provision and support Services and the regulatory framework which apply to the curriculum in Wales for 3-7 year olds

Pwrpas darpariaeth gofal plant a gwasanaethau cefnogi i blant 3-7 oed ynghyd â’r fframwaith rheoleiddio sy'n gymwys i'r cwricwlwm yng Nghymru

Health Visitor

Flying Start

Flying Start is an early years programme for families with children under 4 years of age and is targeted at some of the most disadvantaged areas in Wales. It is an essential resource in achieving the seven core aims for children and young people. Flying Start provides quality childcare to children 2-3 years of age for 2½ hours a day, 5 days a week for 39 weeks. Qualification levels for working in a Flying Start setting are higher than the national minimum standards, which ensures support of the highest quality.

The programme works with young children to improve their skills and prepare them for school and for life generally. Children in Flying Start settings are observed and assessed and, if needed, additional support is provided to promote language, speech and communication development. This leads to positive results in terms of the children's language, social and behavioural skills.

Cylch Meithrin (Nursery Group)

A 'cylch meithrin' provides sessional day care and education to children between the ages of 2 and 5 through the medium of Welsh. They promote children's education and development by providing opportunities for them to socialise and learn through play, with an emphasis on language development, and personal, social and emotional development.

'Cylchoedd meithrin' encourage children to learn and play outdoors by providing activities, equipment and resources for children in the outdoor area as well as observe and assess children to identify those with additional needs and then provide the appropriate support required. This can include working with professionals or agencies to ensure that help and support are available to the child and their family.

Childminders

Registered childminders are childcare professionals who work in their own homes to provide care and education for children in a domestic setting. Childminders are registered and inspected by Care Inspectorate Wales. Childminders can spend time in other settings, for example 'Ti a Fi' groups or libraries, providing a range of activities and experiences. The activities are provided both inside and outside their homes supporting children's holistic development. Childminders care for a small number of children which means the children receive more attention and one-to-one support. Childminders observe children's progress in order to support their learning and development, working closely with parents to provide individual childcare.

Day nurseries

Day nurseries provide full-time and part-time care to children from birth to 5 years. Some nurseries are registered to care for children up to the age of 11. They operate throughout the year and are usually open Monday to Friday from 8am to 6pm so that parents/carers can ensure their children are being cared for whilst they are working. Staff in day nurseries are trained to develop stimulating activities and environments to support children's holistic development. Day nurseries provide care and age-appropriate activities for children and children of different ages are usually in different rooms. Day nurseries often operate a key worker system, which means that children are allocated a specific member of staff who is responsible for developing a trusting and caring relationship with them. Key workers ensure that new children settle in the nursery as quickly and easily as possible. Day nurseries are registered and inspected by Care Inspectorate Wales.

Hospitals

Play assistants or health play specialists lead play activities with children and young people who are patients in hospitals or children's hospices. Children can participate in play and art activities in the play room or in bed. Play is used to support children's development during their illness and to help them to deal with their worries and feelings. Play helps children to learn about their illness and prepare for any treatment. Play can also encourage children to develop relationships with other children, so that their social development is supported during their time in hospital.

Out of School Childcare Clubs (Breakfast Club or After School Club)

Out of school childcare clubs provide care before, and sometimes after, schools hours. They are safe places for children to play, relax and socialise. Clubs provide a fun, safe and stimulating environment for children so that their parents can work. Some clubs that are not run by schools collect children from school at the end of the day. Holiday clubs provide a wide range of play activities for children during the school holidays, where children are free to choose what to do. Some adult-led activities are offered on a daily basis, however children should also be able to choose their own activities. Children are given opportunities to socialise with other children and adults which supports their social development.

Education services

Education services are delivered by Local Authority education departments. Local education authorities must provide a free school place for all children of 'compulsory school age'. Where a child of school age is unable to receive an education in a school, then the local education authority has a duty to provide a suitable education in some other way such as home education.

In most local authorities in Wales children are admitted to school at the beginning of the term after they turn 5 years old. All 3-4 year olds are entitled to attend an early learning setting for free but this is not compulsory.

Foundation Phase

The Foundation Phase is the current curriculum for all 3 to 7 year olds in Wales. Every child in Wales is entitled to receive at least 10 hours of free part-time Foundation Phase education in a funded school or nursery, in the term following their third birthday. The emphasis is on learning by doing, providing more opportunities for children to gain direct experiences through play and active learning. The Foundation Phase promotes and provides support for children's holistic development by ensuring that childcare workers understand how children develop. In planning an appropriate curriculum that considers children's developmental needs and the skills they require to grow, childcare workers are supporting children to become confident learners. In the Foundation Phase a balance is struck between activities initiated by children and adult-led activities. Children are involved in their own learning and are encouraged to make decisions. Children in the Foundation Phase are observed and assessed to recognise their achievements and childcare workers plan for each child's individual needs based on these assessments.

The Foundation Phase Framework is a statutory curriculum from Welsh Government for 3-7 year olds, under the Education Act 2002. Schools in receipt of Welsh Government funding must ensure that the legal requirements are met.

Estyn is responsible for inspecting education quality and standards in Wales and schools are inspected at least once every seven years. They are measured according to 5 inspection areas:

  1. Standards
  2. Well-being and attitudes to learning
  3. Teaching and learning experiences
  4. Care, support and guidance
  5. Leadership and management.

Schools are measured using a 4 point scale:

  • Excellent – very strong, sustained performance and practices
  • Good – strong elements, although minor improvements may be needed
  • Sufficient and in need of improvement – strengths outweigh weaknesses, but there are important aspects to improve
  • Unsatisfactory and in need of urgent improvement – important weaknesses outweigh strengths.

Additional needs settings

Mainstream education may not be appropriate for children with additional educational needs and they will need to attend a special school that provides education that is tailored to their needs. A very small percentage of children with additional educational needs attend a special school. Special schools have a higher staffing ratio than mainstream schools in order to meet each child's additional needs, therefore each child's holistic development is supported. Many special schools have specialist resources and equipment such as therapy pools, sensory rooms and modified outdoor play equipment. They provide interventions to meet children's needs, for example speech and language therapists, physiotherapists and staff trained in the use of Makaton. Classes in special schools are usually smaller in order to give children more support, and the teaching is based on children's needs and abilities.

Family information services

Every county in Wales has a family information service, which is a free, confidential and impartial service. The service offers information, advice and guidance on the different services available to children, young people and their families. They provide advice and information on child care, children's clubs, toddler groups, leisure and sporting activities, health issues and support for parents.

http://bit.ly/2keW56N

Counsellors

Counsellors can work in schools to provide support for children and young people with emotional problems such as depression, lack of confidence, grief, bullying and anxiety. Counsellors provide children and young people with opportunities to talk and discuss their emotional problems and support them to try and resolve those problems.

Education psychologist

Education psychologists provide medical and learning support for individuals and groups of children or young people. They conduct observations within the setting and offer a support programme that assists children and young people experiencing problems with education. These difficulties may include behavioural, social or emotional needs.

Health visitor

Qualified nurses who have studied further and have experience of midwifery. Health visitors ensure that families receive the best possible support to meet their children's needs. They mostly work in the community, with children up to 5 years old, and their families. Ensuring that children have the best possible start in life is an important part of the health visitor's work. In partnership with parents, health visitors will assess parenting skills, the family and home environment and the development needs of young children. Health visitors work alongside school nurses, doctors, social workers and other health professionals. They work from homes, clinics or surgeries.

Family Support Worker

They provide support for families with babies and children who have complex needs. This support enhances parenting competence, adults' competence for work as well as children's educational attendance. The family support worker also works with parents or carers at home or in groups. They often work after ordinary working hours in order to increase the skills, confidence and ability of all family members to enable them to lead positive and safe lives.

Family Assessment

Family assessment provides an opportunity to get to know the whole family better. This assessment helps to decide the best type of support or service for the child and their family. A discussion will be held on how the family is coping with everyday life, what are their concerns and how is the child developing in general. In addition, there will be a discussion on the child's health and development and how they are coping at nursery or at school.

Team Around the Family (TAF)

This team works closely with families with young children and other agencies to identify problems at an early stage, make changes for the better, and try to prevent problems that could lead to something more serious.

A co-ordinator will work with a family to:

  • look for support or services
  • create a team around the family
  • produce a 'family plan' for the family and team members
  • have regular meetings with the family
  • offer services such as parenting skills, mental health support and advice for young people, counselling and therapeutic programmes.

Community Dietician

They provide bespoke dietary advice to individuals, including babies, children and adults. When adapting and making dietary changes, dieticians seek to prevent and treat a range of medical conditions and support people to make appropriate choices in terms of their diet and lifestyle. Community Dieticians see patients in a range of settings including hospitals, care homes, clinics, groups and homes. They work with doctors, community nurses and other health professionals.

Dechrau’n Deg

Rhaglen blynyddoedd cynnar i deuluoedd/gofalwyr â phlant o dan bedair oed yw Dechrau’n Deg ac mae wedi’i thargedu at rai o’r ardaloedd mwyaf difreintiedig yng Nghymru. Mae’n adnodd hanfodol o ran cyflawni’r saith nod craidd ar gyfer plant a phobl ifanc. Mae Dechrau’n Deg yn darparu gofal plant o ansawdd i blant 2-3 oed am 2½ awr y diwrnod, 5 diwrnod yr wythnos am 39 wythnos. Mae lefelau cymwysterau ar gyfer gweithio o fewn lleoliad Dechrau’n Deg ar lefel uwch na’r safonau gofynnol cenedlaethol sy’n golygu cefnogaeth o’r ansawdd orau.

Mae’r rhaglen yn gweithio gyda phlant ifanc er mwyn gwella eu sgiliau a’u paratoi ar gyfer yr ysgol ac ar gyfer bywyd yn gyffredinol. Caiff y plant mewn lleoliadau Dechrau’n Deg eu harsylwi a’u hasesu, ac os oes angen bydd cymorth ychwanegol yn cael ei ddarparu er mwyn cefnogi iaith, lleferydd a chyfathrebu. Mae hyn yn arwain at ganlyniadau positif o ran sgiliau iaith a sgiliau cymdeithasol ac ymddygiadol y plant.

Cylch Meithrin

Mae cylch meithrin yn darparu gofal dydd ac addysg sesiynol i blant rhwng dwy a phump oed trwy gyfrwng y Gymraeg. Mae cylchoedd meithrin yn hyrwyddo addysg a datblygiad plant drwy gynnig cyfleoedd iddynt gymdeithasu a dysgu trwy chwarae, gyda phwyslais ar ddatblygiad iaith, a datblygiad personol, cymdeithasol ac emosiynol. Mae cylchoedd meithrin yn annog plant i ddysgu a chwarae yn yr awyr agored drwy gynnig gweithgareddau, offer ac adnoddau i blant yn yr ardal tu allan. Bydd cylchoedd meithrin yn arsylwi ac asesu plant er mwyn adnabod plant ag anghenion ychwanegol, ac yna’n darparu’r cymorth priodol sydd angen. Gall hyn gynnwys cyd-weithio â phobl broffesiynol neu asiantaethau er mwyn sicrhau fod cymorth a chefnogaeth ar gael i’r plentyn a’i deulu/gofalwyr.

Gwarchodwyr plant

Gweithwyr gofal plant proffesiynol yw gwarchodwyr plant cofrestredig sy’n gweithio yn eu cartrefi eu hunain i ddarparu gofal ac addysg i blant mewn lleoliad domestig. Mae Arolygiaeth Gofal Cymru yn cofrestru ac yn arolygu gwarchodwyr plant. Gall warchodwyr plant dreulio amser mewn lleoliadau eraill, er enghraifft cylchoedd Ti a Fi neu lyfrgelloedd er mwyn darparu amrywiaeth o weithgareddau a phrofiadau. Mae’r gweithgareddau sy’n cael eu darparu y tu mewn neu oddi allan i’w cartrefi yn cefnogi datblygiad cyfannol plant. Mae gwarchodwyr plant yn gofalu am nifer bach o blant sy’n golygu mwy o sylw i’r plant a chefnogaeth un-i-un. Mae gwarchodwyr plant yn arsylwi cynnydd plant er mwyn cefnogi eu dysgu a’u datblygiad, gan weithio'n agos gyda rhieni/gofalwyr er mwyn darparu gofal plant unigol.

Meithrinfeydd dydd

Mae meithrinfeydd dydd yn cynnig gofal llawn amser a rhan-amser i blant o enedigaeth hyd at 5 mlwydd oed. Mae rhai meithrinfeydd wedi'u cofrestru i ofalu am blant hyd at 11 oed. Maent yn gweithredu drwy gydol y flwyddyn ac fel arfer ar agor o ddydd Llun i ddydd Gwener o 8y.b. hyd 6y.p. fel bod rhieni/gofalwyr yn gallu sicrhau gofal i’w plant ifanc tra’n gweithio. Mae’r staff mewn meithrinfeydd dydd wedi'u hyfforddi i ddatblygu gweithgareddau ac amgylcheddau ysgogol er mwyn cefnogi datblygiad cyfannol plant. Mae meithrinfeydd dydd yn cynnig gofal a gweithgareddau sy'n briodol i oedran plant, ac fel arfer mae plant o wahanol oed mewn ystafelloedd gwahanol. Mae meithrinfeydd dydd yn aml yn gweithredu system gweithiwr allweddol, sy'n golygu bod plant yn cael aelod o staff penodol sy’n gyfrifol am ddatblygu perthynas ymddiriedus a gofalgar gyda nhw. Bydd gweithwyr allweddol yn sicrhau bod plant newydd yn setlo yn y feithrinfa mor gyflym ac mor hawdd â phosibl. Mae meithrinfeydd dydd yn cael eu cofrestru a’i harolygu gan Arolygiaeth Gofal Cymru.

Ysbytai

Mae cynorthwywyr chwarae neu arbenigwyr chwarae iechyd yn arwain gweithgareddau chwarae gyda phlant a phobl ifanc sy’n gleifion mewn ysbytai neu hosbisau plant. Gall plant gymryd rhan mewn gweithgareddau chwarae a chelf yn yr ystafell chwarae neu yn y gwely. Defnyddir chwarae i gefnogi datblygiad plant yn ystod eu salwch, ac i’w helpu i ddelio â'u pryderon a'u teimladau. Mae chwarae yn helpu plant i ddysgu am eu salwch a’u paratoi ar gyfer unrhyw driniaeth. Gall chwarae hefyd annog plant i feithrin perthnasoedd â phlant eraill, fel bod eu datblygiad cymdeithasol yn cael ei gefnogi yn ystod eu cyfnod yn yr ysbyty.

Clybiau Gofal Plant y Tu Allan i Oriau'r Ysgol (Brecwast neu Glwb ar ôl Ysgol)

Mae clybiau gofal plant y tu allan i oriau’r ysgol yn darparu gofal cyn, ac weithiau ar ôl oriau ysgol hefyd. Maen nhw’n llefydd saff i blant chwarae, ymlacio a chymdeithasu. Bydd y clybiau'n darparu amgylchedd sydd yn hwyl, yn ddiogel ac ysgogol i blant er mwyn i'w rhieni/gofalwyr weithio. Bydd rhai clybiau sydd ddim yn cael eu rhedeg gan ysgolion yn casglu plant o’r ysgol ar ddiwedd y dydd. Mae clybiau gwyliau’n darparu ystod eang o weithgareddau chwarae i blant yn ystod y gwyliau ysgol, lle mae plant yn rhydd i ddewis beth i’w wneud. Bydd rhai gweithgareddau dan arweiniad oedolion yn cael eu cynnig yn ddyddiol, ond dylai plant allu dewis eu gweithgareddau eu hunain hefyd. Bydd plant yn cael cyfleoedd i gymdeithasu gydag oedolion a phlant eraill a bydd hyn yn cefnogi eu datblygiad cymdeithasol.

Gwasanaethau addysg

Mae gwasanaethau addysg yn cael eu darparu gan adrannau addysg Awdurdodau Lleol. Rhaid i awdurdodau addysg lleol ddarparu lle am ddim mewn ysgol i bob plentyn sydd o 'oed ysgol orfodol'. Os na fydd plentyn oed ysgol yn gallu derbyn addysg mewn ysgol, yna mae dyletswydd ar yr awdurdod addysg leol i ddarparu addysg addas mewn ffordd arall, megis addysg yn y cartref.

Yng Nghymru mae’r rhan fwyaf o awdurdodau lleol yn derbyn plant i’r ysgol ar ddechrau'r tymor y bydd y plentyn yn bump oed. Mae gan bob plentyn tair a phedair blwydd oed hawl i gael mynd i leoliad dysgu cynnar am ddim ond nid yw hyn yn orfodol.

Y Cyfnod Sylfaen

Y Cyfnod Sylfaen yw’r cwricwlwm presennol ar gyfer plant rhwng 3 a 7 oed yng Nghymru. Mae gan bob plentyn yng Nghymru yr hawl i gael o leiaf 10 awr o addysg Cyfnod Sylfaen rhan amser am ddim mewn ysgol, neu feithrinfa sy'n cael ei hariannu, yn y tymor sy'n dilyn eu penblwydd yn dair oed. Mae pwyslais ar ddysgu drwy wneud gan roi mwy o gyfleoedd i blant feithrin profiadau uniongyrchol drwy chwarae a dysgu gweithredol. Mae’r Cyfnod Sylfaen yn hyrwyddo a darparu cefnogaeth ar gyfer datblygiad cyfannol plant trwy sicrhau bod gweithwyr gofal plant yn deall sut mae plant yn datblygu. Wrth gynllunio cwricwlwm priodol sy'n ystyried anghenion datblygiadol plant a'r sgiliau sydd eu hangen arnynt i dyfu, mae gweithwyr gofal plant yn cefnogi plant i ddod yn ddysgwyr hyderus. Yn y Cyfnod Sylfaen bydd cydbwysedd rhwng gweithgareddau a gychwynnir gan blant a gweithgareddau sy’n cael eu harwain gan oedolion. Mae plant yn cymryd rhan yn eu dysgu eu hunain ac yn cael eu hannog i wneud penderfyniadau. Bydd plant yn y Cyfnod Sylfaen yn cael eu harsylwi a'u hasesu er mwyn cydnabod eu cyflawniadau, ac mae gweithwyr gofal plant yn cynllunio ar gyfer anghenion unigol pob plentyn yn seiliedig ar yr asesiadau hyn.

Mae Fframwaith y Cyfnod Sylfaen yn gwricwlwm statudol gan Lywodraeth Cymru ar gyfer plant 3 i 7 oed, o dan y Ddeddf Addysg 2002. Mae’n rhaid i ysgolion sy’n derbyn arian gan Lywodraeth Cymru sicrhau bod y gofynion cyfreithiol yn cael eu gweithredu. Estyn sydd yn arolygu ansawdd a safonau mewn addysg yng Nghymru ac mae ysgolion yn cael eu harolygu o leiaf unwaith bob saith mlynedd. Maent yn cael eu mesur yn ôl 5 maes arolygu, sef:

  1. Safonau
  2. Lles ac agweddau at ddysgu
  3. Addysgu a phrofiadau dysgu
  4. Gofal, cymorth ac arweiniad
  5. Arweinyddiaeth a rheolaeth.

Mae ysgolion yn cael eu mesur gan ddefnyddio graddfa 4 pwynt:

  • Rhagorol – perfformiad ac arferion cryf iawn, cynaledig
  • Da – nodweddion cryf, er y gall fod angen gwella mân agweddau
  • Digonol ac angen gwella – cryfderau’n gorbwyso gwendidau, ond agweddau pwysig y mae angen eu gwella
  • Anfoddhaol ac angen gwelliant brys – gwendidau pwysig yn gorbwyso cryfderau.

Lleoliadau anghenion ychwanegol

Efallai na fydd addysg prif lif yn briodol i blant ag anghenion addysgol ychwanegol a bydd angen mynychu ysgol arbennig sy’n darparu addysg bwrpasol ar eu cyfer. Canran isel iawn o blant gydag anghenion addysgol ychwanegol sy’n mynychu ysgol arbennig. Mae gan ysgolion arbennig gymhareb staff uwch nag ysgolion prif lif er mwyn cwrdd ag anghenion ychwanegol pob plentyn, felly mae datblygiad cyfannol pob plentyn yn cael ei gefnogi. Mae gan lawer o ysgolion arbennig adnoddau ac offer arbenigol fel pyllau therapi, ystafelloedd synhwyraidd, ac offer chwarae awyr agored sydd wedi'u haddasu. Maent yn darparu ymyriadau i ddiwallu anghenion plant, er enghraifft therapyddion lleferydd ac iaith, ffisiotherapyddion a staff sydd wedi'u hyfforddi i ddefnyddio Makaton. Mae dosbarthiadau mewn ysgolion arbennig fel arfer yn llai er mwyn darparu mwy o gefnogaeth i blant, ac mae'r addysgu’n seiliedig ar anghenion a galluoedd plant.

Gwasanaethau gwybodaeth i deuluoedd/gofalwyr

Mae gan bob sir yng Nghymru wasanaethau gwybodaeth i deuluoedd/gofalwyr sydd yn wasanaeth am rhad ac am ddim, sy’n gyfrinachol ac yn ddiduedd. Mae’r gwasanaeth yn cynnig gwybodaeth, cyngor ac arweiniad am y gwasanaethau gwahanol sydd ar gael i blant, pobl ifanc a’u teuluoedd/gofalwyr. Maent yn cynnig cyngor a gwybodaeth am ofal plant, clybiau plant, grwpiau babanod, gweithgareddau hamdden a chwaraeon, materion iechyd a chefnogaeth i rieni/gofalwyr.

http://bit.ly/2YY2hOF

Cwnselwyr

Mae cwnselwyr yn gallu gweithio mewn ysgolion i gynnig cymorth i blant a phobl ifanc gyda phroblemau emosiynol megis iselder, diffyg hyder, galar, bwlio a phryder. Mae cwnselwyr yn rhoi cyfleoedd i blant a phobl ifanc siarad a thrafod eu problemau emosiynol ac yn eu cefnogi er mwyn ceisio eu datrys.

Seicolegydd addysg

Mae seicolegwyr addysg yn darparu cymorth meddygol a dysgu ar gyfer unigolion a grwpiau o blant neu bobl ifanc. Maent yn cynnal arsylwadau o fewn y lleoliad ac yn cynnig rhaglen cefnogaeth sy’n helpu plant neu bobl ifanc sy'n cael anawsterau gydag addysg. Gallai'r anawsterau hyn gynnwys anghenion ymddygiadol, cymdeithasol neu emosiynol.

Ymwelydd Iechyd

Nyrsys cymwysedig sydd wedi astudio ymhellach a gyda phrofiad o fydwreigiaeth (midwifery) yw ymwelwyr iechyd. Mae ymwelwyr iechyd yn sicrhau bod teuluoedd/gofalwyr yn cael y gefnogaeth orau posib er mwyn cwrdd ag anghenion eu plant. Maent yn gweithio yn y gymuned gan amlaf, gyda phlant hyd at 5 oed, a’u teuluoedd/gofalwyr. Rhan bwysig o waith ymwelydd iechyd yw sicrhau bod plant yn cael y dechrau gorau mewn bywyd. Mewn partneriaeth â rhieni/gofalwyr, bydd ymwelydd iechyd yn asesu’r sgiliau rhianta, y teulu/gofalwyr a’r sefyllfa gartref ac yn ystyried anghenion datblygiad y plant ifanc. Mae ymwelwyr iechyd yn gweithio ar y cyd gyda nyrsys ysgol, doctoriaid, gweithwyr cymdeithasol a gweithwyr iechyd proffesiynol eraill. Byddant yn gweithio o gartref, o glinig neu feddygfa.

Gweithiwr Cymorth Teulu

Mae Gweithwyr Cymorth Teulu yn darparu cefnogaeth i deuluoedd/gofalwyr gyda phlant sydd ag anghenion cymhleth. Mae’r cymorth yma yn gwella’r rhianta, yn sicrhau presenoldeb plant yn yr ysgol ac yn gwella cyfle’r oedolyn i gael swydd. Yn ogystal â gweithio gyda rhieni/gofalwyr neu ofalwyr yn eu cartrefi byddant yn cynnal cyfarfodydd grŵp, yn aml y tu hwnt i oriau gwaith, er mwyn cynyddu sgiliau, hyder a gallu holl aelodau’r teulu er mwyn iddynt allu byw bywyd bob dydd mewn modd positif a diogel.

Asesu Teulu/gofalwyr

Wrth asesu teulu/gofalwyr, mae cyfle i ddod i adnabod y teulu cyfan yn well. Mae’r asesiad hwn yn helpu i benderfynu pa fath o gymorth neu wasanaeth sydd orau i’r plentyn a’r teulu/gofalwyr. Rhoddir sylw i sut mae’r teulu/gofalwyr yn ymdopi gyda bywyd o ddydd i ddydd, beth sy’n eu poeni, a sut mae’r plentyn yn dod ymlaen yn gyffredinol. Hefyd bydd trafodaeth ynglŷn ag iechyd a datblygiad y plentyn, a’i brofiadau yn y cylch meithrin neu’r ysgol.

Tîm o amgylch y Teulu/gofalwyr

Mae’r tîm yma’n gweithio yn agos gyda theuluoedd/gofalwyr ac asiantaethau eraill er mwyn adnabod problemau yn gynnar a gwneud newidiadau er gwell. Y gobaith yw atal datblygiad problemau mwy difrifol.

Bydd cydlynydd yn gweithio gyda theulu/gofalwyr, er mwyn:

  • chwilio am gymorth neu wasanaeth
  • creu tîm o amgylch y teulu/gofalwyr
  • creu cynllun teulu ar gyfer y teulu/gofalwyr ac aelodau o’r tîm
  • cynnal cyfarfodydd teulu rheolaidd
  • cynnig gwasanaeth megis sgiliau rhianta, cefnogaeth a chyngor i bobl ifanc, iechyd meddwl, cwnsela a rhaglenni therapiwtig.

Dietegydd Cymunedol

Mae’r Dietegydd Cymunedol yn cynnig cyngor dietegol wedi ei deilwra’n benodol i unigolyn. Wrth addasu a gwneud newidiadau dietegol, mae’r dietegydd yn ceisio atal a thrin amryw o gyflyrau meddygol a chefnogi pobl i wneud dewisiadau priodol o ran diet a ffordd o fyw. Mae Dietegydd Cymunedol yn gweld cleifion mewn amryw o leoliadau sydd yn cynnwys ysbytai, cartrefi gofal, clinigau, grwpiau, a chartrefi. Maent yn cyd-weithio gyda meddygon, nyrsys cymunedol a gweithwyr iechyd proffesiynol eraill.

Hint 1: Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit. Modi est praesentium earum exercitationem, accusantium molestiae asperiores reiciendis aliquam doloribus, delectus, cumque odio omnis rem, aliquid et. Quisquam eius, incidunt ab.

Awgrymiadau 1: Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit. Modi est praesentium earum exercitationem, accusantium molestiae asperiores reiciendis aliquam doloribus, delectus, cumque odio omnis rem, aliquid et. Quisquam eius, incidunt ab.

Making referrals into support services for 3-7 year olds and signposting families/carers to information support and advice

Atgyfeiriadau at wasanaethau cefnogi i blant 3-7 oed a chyfeirio teuluoedd/gofalwyr at wybodaeth, cefnogaeth a chyngor

Filling in forms

Referrals to support services

Families and children can access support services in different ways. It is relatively easy for an individual to make an appointment with a GP by calling the surgery. A parent or guardian can arrange access for under 16's and, of course, a five year old cannot make an appointment for themselves. A GP may want their patient to see another childcare worker, such as a Speech and Language Therapist and so they will send them a letter requesting an appointment. A family member or friend may get in touch on behalf of someone else in order to access a support service, for example contacting the GP or a voluntary organisation such as Gingerbread or Barnardo's. Services or other professionals often refer children and their families to support services.

Health visitor: part of the National Health Service (NHS) Community Service, referrals are made either by the local doctor, nurses or social workers.

Family Support workers: families with multiple problems are referred by social workers to the Family Support team.

Team Around the Family: led by a coordinator. Families are referred following a needs assessment.

Community Dietician: children may be referred to a community dietician either by the local doctor, community nurse or school nurse, social worker or teachers.

Services or professionals may also refer families/carers to information, support or advice by providing the details of relevant voluntary organisations, for example:

Barnardo’s - Barnardo’s provides services across Wales, working with children and young people, families and communities, helping them to build a better future. They support families struggling to overcome difficulties caused by poverty, abuse and discrimination.

Childline - Childline provides a free confidential service where children and young people can talk about anything that is worrying them. Childline offers support online or over the phone provided by trained counsellors.

Citizens Advice Bureau - The Citizens Advice Bureau offers advice on a wide range of challenges and problems, for example benefits, employment issues, debt, housing services and health.

Gingerbread - Gingerbread supports single parent families. Single parents can access support from Gingerbread by attending groups where they can meet with other single parents. Gingerbread also provides advice and information on the problems single parents may experience, for example child maintenance and establishing contact with the child's other parent.

Mencap - Mencap provides support and advice to children with disabilities and their families on a wide range of topics, such as social care and education.

Relate – Relate offers support in the form of counselling which can be provided to families, children and young people and relatives. This support can help children and young people and their families when they are going through difficult and challenging times in their lives, for example when parents separate or divorce.

Atgyfeiriadau at wasanaethau cefnogi

Mae gwahanol ffyrdd y gall teuluoedd/gofalwyr a phlant gael mynediad at wasanaethau cefnogi. Mae’n weddol rwydd i unigolyn wneud apwyntiad gyda meddyg teulu drwy ffonio'r feddygfa. Gall rhiant/gofalwr neu warcheidwad drefnu mynediad ar gyfer plentyn sydd yn iau na 16 oed ac wrth gwrs, ni all blentyn pum mlwydd oed wneud apwyntiad drosto'i hun. Efallai bydd meddyg teulu yn dymuno i'w glaf weld gweithiwr gofal plant arall, megis efallai Therapydd Iaith a Lleferydd ac felly bydd yn anfon llythyr atynt er mwyn trefnu apwyntiad. Gall aelod o’r teulu/gofalwyr neu ffrind gysylltu dros unigolyn arall er mwyn sicrhau gwasanaeth cefnogi, er enghraifft cysylltu â’r meddyg teulu neu sefydliad gwirfoddol fel Gingerbread neu Barnardo’s. Mae gwasanaethau neu bobl broffesiynol eraill yn aml yn atgyfeirio plant a’u teuluoedd/gofalwyr at wasanaethau cefnogi.

Ymwelydd Iechyd - yn rhan o Wasanaeth Cymunedol y Gwasanaeth Iechyd Gwladol (GIG), mae atgyfeiriadau yn cael eu gwneud drwy un ai’r meddyg lleol, nyrsys neu weithiwr cymdeithasol. Mae Ymwelydd Iechyd yn gweithio gyda theuluoedd/gofalwyr a phlant hyd at bump oed.

Gweithwyr Cymorth Teulu - mae teuluoedd/gofalwyr sydd yn dioddef amryw o broblemau yn cael eu hatgyfeirio gan weithwyr cymdeithasol at y tîm Cymorth Teulu.

Tîm o Amgylch y Teulu/gofalwyr - yn cael ei arwain gan gydlynydd, mae teuluoedd/gofalwyr yn cael eu atgyfeirio yn dilyn asesiad o anghenion.

Dietegydd Cymunedol - gall plant gael eu hatgyfeirio at ddietegydd cymunedol gan un ai’r meddyg lleol, nyrs gymunedol neu nyrs ysgol, gweithiwr cymdeithasol neu athrawon.

Gall gwasanaethau neu bobl broffesiynol hefyd gyfeirio teuluoedd/gofalwyr at wybodaeth, cefnogaeth neu gyngor drwy roi manylion sefydliadau gwirfoddol perthnasol iddynt, er enghraifft:

Barnardo’s - mae Barnardo’s yn darparu gwasanaethau ar hyd a lled Cymru, yn gweithio gyda phlant a phobl ifanc a’u teuluoedd/gofalwyr sydd yn agored i niwed, gan eu cefnogi i greu gwell dyfodol. Maent yn cefnogi teuluoedd/gofalwyr sydd yn brwydro i oresgyn anawsterau a achosir gan dlodi, camdriniaeth a gwahaniaethu.

Childline - Mae Childline yn darparu gwasanaeth cyfrinachol rhad ac am ddim lle gall plant a phobl ifanc siarad am unrhyw beth sy'n eu poeni. Mae Childline yn cynnig cefnogaeth ar-lein neu dros y ffôn gan gwnselwyr sydd wedi eu hyfforddi.

Cyngor Ar Bopeth - mae Cyngor Ar Bopeth yn cynnig cyngor ar ystod eang o heriau a phroblemau, er enghraifft budd-daliadau, anawsterau cyflogaeth, dyled, gwasanaethau tai ac iechyd.

Gingerbread - mae Gingerbread yn cefnogi teuluoedd rhiant sengl. Gall rieni sengl cael cefnogaeth gan Gingerbread drwy fynychu grwpiau ble gallant gwrdd â rhieni sengl eraill. Mae Gingerbread hefyd yn cynnig cyngor a gwybodaeth am y problemau gall rieni sengl brofi, er enghraifft cynhaliaeth plant (child maintenance) a sefydlu cysylltiad â rhiant/gofalwr arall y plentyn.

Mencap - mae Mencap yn rhoi cefnogaeth a chyngor i blant ag anableddau a’u teuluoedd/gofalwyr ar ystod eang o bynciau, megis gofal cymdeithasol ac addysg.

Relate - mae Relate yn darparu cefnogaeth drwy gwnsela a gall y cwnsela fod i deuluoedd/gofalwyr, plant a phobl ifanc, a pherthnasau. Gall y gefnogaeth yma helpu plant a phobl ifanc a’u teuluoedd/gofalwyr wrth iddynt fynd drwy gyfnodau anodd a heriol, er enghraifft wrth i rieni/gofalwyr wahanu neu ysgaru.

Hint 2: Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit. Modi est praesentium earum exercitationem, accusantium molestiae asperiores reiciendis aliquam doloribus, delectus, cumque odio omnis rem, aliquid et. Quisquam eius, incidunt ab.

Awgrymiadau 2: Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit. Modi est praesentium earum exercitationem, accusantium molestiae asperiores reiciendis aliquam doloribus, delectus, cumque odio omnis rem, aliquid et. Quisquam eius, incidunt ab.

How childcare and early years education, public health priorities and support services aim to address childhood disadvantage

Sut mae gofal plant ac addysg, iechyd y cyhoedd a gwasanaethau cefnogi yn mynd i'r afael ag anfantais ymhlith plant

Child brushing teeth
Childcare and education

High quality childcare and education and family support have a positive impact on disadvantaged children's life chances.

Support services

Children in the early years and their families are supported by general and specialist Services. This includes families' first points of contact such as:

  • General Childcare workers (GP)
  • Speech and Language Therapists
  • Dietitians
  • Physiotherapists
  • Maternity Services
  • Mental Health Services
  • Social Services
  • Education
  • Accident and Emergency Units
  • Dentists
  • Flying Start.

Education services are delivered by Local Authority education departments. Local education authorities must provide a free school place for all children of 'compulsory school age'. Where a child of school age is unable to receive an education in a school, then the local education authority has a duty to provide a suitable education in some other way such as home education. Classes in the Foundation Phase have low staffing ratios and well-trained professionals to meet children's needs.

Social services care for vulnerable people, including children in need. They work with other agencies such as the health service and housing service to provide help, care and support for children and their families/carers. Social services work closely with children, parents, relatives and other carers to find the best solution to every situation.

Support may be provided to children and their families by voluntary organisations, for example Barnardo's, Childline, Citizens Advice Bureau, Gingerbread, Mind and the NSPCC. These organisations assist and support families to address disadvantage amongst children.

Public Health Priorities

Public Health Wales has developed a long-term strategy that contains 7 strategic priorities to help towards 'Working to Achieve a Healthier Future for Wales'. Public Health Wales has the following 7 priorities:

  • Influencing the wider determinants of health - for example, helping children learn; developing policies which reduce income inequality; supporting the NHS to reduce the impact of poverty, low income and debt which are barriers to good health.
  • Improving mental well-being and resilience - for example, providing support so that everyone achieves their full potential and can cope better with challenges.
  • Promoting healthy behaviour - for example, reduce the number of smokers; increase physical activity and promote a healthy weight.
  • Securing a healthy future for the next generation - for example, work with parents and services to give every child in Wales the best start in life.
  • Protecting the public from infection and environmental threats to health - for example, ensure that everyone is immunised.
  • Supporting the development of a sustainable health and care system focused on prevention and early intervention - for example, continue to develop and provide screening programmes.
  • Building and mobilising knowledge and skills to improve health and well-being across Wales.

Further reading:

http://bit.ly/2NoaWYK

Smoking and reducing exposure to secondary smoke

The Chief Medical Officer for Wales launched a consultation on a scheme to reduce the number of smokers and the number of people being exposed to second-hand smoke. The main aim is to ensure a 16% reduction in smoking by 2020 and realise the vision of a smoke-free society in Wales where tobacco causes no harm to anyone. The actions include:

  • deliver the ASSIST (A Stop Smoking in Schools Trial) smoking prevention programmes in schools
  • encourage local authorities to introduce smoke-free playgrounds
  • ban smoking in areas around hospital buildings where smoke levels may be high and where patients, visitors and staff congregate.
Nutrition and hydration

According to the Welsh Government Best Practice guidelines on Food and Nutrition, children between 1 and 5 years old need at least 5 portions of fruit and vegetables every day. They advise parents to use either potatoes, bread, rice, pasta or other starchy carbohydrates as the basis for toddlers' meals.

Children between 2 and 5 years old can gradually start to move towards the same balance of foods as adults, ensuring that they have a variety of foods from the 5 food groups in order to stay healthy, for example:

  • fruit and vegetables
  • potatoes, bread, rice and pasta
  • a small amount of fat and sugar
  • beans, fish, eggs, meat.

Children need to drink around 6-8 cups of fluid a day, ideally water or milk.

http://bit.ly/2L0pgDM

Oral Health Care

Tooth decay is the most common oral disease affecting children in the UK. Good oral care can prevent tooth decay. Decay occurs when babies and children consume too much sugary food and drinks and fail to brush their teeth regularly.

Teeth should be brushed as soon as the first tooth appears, and this should continue throughout life using fluoride toothpaste.

It is essential that children visit the dentist regularly. A dental check-up enables the dentist to examine oral health by looking at the teeth and gums for signs of disease. Tooth decay and gum disease can be prevented so it is better to seek early treatment.

Flying Start health visitors work with the Designed to Smile programme to improve oral health for pre-school age children. This programme is funded by the Welsh Government.

Sight

Eye tests for children are essential. Short-sightedness and long-sightedness, astigmatism or lazy eye are very common conditions and can usually be treated relatively easily. Eye tests can help to identify some specific conditions before they start to affect children's sight and eye health as well as ensure that children make the most of their sight and can see things as clearly as possible. They can also help to identify health problems such as diabetes during the early stages of the disease.

In addition, children should be taken to an optician for an eye test if they:

  • fatigue rapidly
  • rub their eyes often
  • often take longer than others to complete tasks
  • have regular headaches
  • miss the edge of the table when placing objects down
  • fall over objects that are in their way
  • have difficulties seeing in the dark.
Community safety and accident prevention

Accidents are one of the most common causes of death amongst 1 to 5 year olds. Every year, around 500,000 children under 5 have to go to hospital due to accidents at home. Children need to explore and learn about their surroundings. Parents or carers can help them by making their home as safe as possible to avoid injury.

Common accidents include:

  • Falls: falling on slippery or uneven floors, falling out of bed, high chairs, walls and windows.
  • Burns and scalds: fires at home, barbecues, matches, fireworks, hot baths and hot drinks.
  • Choking: on food, small toys, coins.
  • Dogs: toddlers are more likely to be attacked by dogs.
  • Suffocating: plastic bags and blankets.
  • Poisoning: by cleaning products, poisonous substances, medicines.
  • Drowning: in the bath, pool or hot tub.
Gofal plant ac addysg

Mae gofal ac addysg plant o ansawdd uchel a chymorth i deuluoedd/gofalwyr yn cael effaith gadarnhaol ar gyfleoedd bywyd plant dan anfantais.

Gwasanaethau cefnogi

Caiff plant y blynyddoedd cynnar a’u teuluoedd/gofalwyr eu cynorthwyo gan wasanaethau cyffredinol ac arbenigol sydd yn cynnwys pwynt cyswllt cyntaf teuluoedd/gofalwyr megis:

  • Meddygon Teulu (GP)
  • Therapyddion Iaith a Lleferydd
  • Deietegwyr
  • Ffisiotherapyddion
  • Gwasanaethau Mamolaeth
  • Gwasanaethau Iechyd Meddwl
  • Gwasanaethau Cymdeithasol
  • Addysg
  • Unedau Damweiniau ac Achosion Brys
  • Deintyddion
  • Dechrau’n Deg.

Mae gwasanaethau addysg yn cael eu darparu gan adrannau addysg awdurdodau lleol. Rhaid i awdurdodau addysg lleol ddarparu lle am ddim mewn ysgol i bob plentyn sydd o 'oed ysgol orfodol'. Os na fydd plentyn oed ysgol yn gallu derbyn addysg mewn ysgol, yna mae dyletswydd ar yr awdurdod addysg leol i ddarparu addysg addas mewn ffordd arall megis addysg yn y cartref. Mae gan ddosbarthiadau yn y Cyfnod Sylfaen gymarebau staffio isel a gweithwyr proffesiynol sydd wedi'u hyfforddi'n dda er mwyn diwallu anghenion plant.

Mae gwasanaethau cymdeithasol yn gofalu am bobl sy’n agored i niwed, gan gynnwys plant mewn angen. Maent yn gweithio gydag asiantaethau eraill megis y gwasanaeth iechyd a’r gwasanaeth tai i ddarparu cymorth, gofal a chefnogaeth i blant a’u teuluoedd/gofalwyr. Bydd gwasanaethau cymdeithasol yn gweithio’n agos gyda phlant, rhieni/gofalwyr, perthnasau a gofalwyr eraill er mwyn darganfod yr ateb gorau i bob sefyllfa.

Gall cefnogaeth gael ei ddarparu i blant a’u teuluoedd/gofalwyr gan sefydliadau gwirfoddol, er enghraifft Barnardo’s, Childline, Cyngor Ar Bopeth (Citizens Advice Bureau), Gingerbread, Mind a’r NSPCC (Cymdeithas Genedlaethol er Atal Creulondeb i Blant). Mae’r sefydliadau hyn yn rhoi cymorth a chefnogaeth i deuluoedd/gofalwyr er mwyn mynd i’r afael ag anfantais ymhlith plant.

Blaenoriaethau Iechyd Cyhoeddus

Mae Iechyd Cyhoeddus Cymru wedi datblygu strategaeth hirdymor sy'n dod â saith blaenoriaeth strategol at ei gilydd er mwyn 'Gweithio i Wireddu Dyfodol Iachach i Gymru'. Saith blaenoriaeth Iechyd Cyhoeddus Cymru yw:

  • Dylanwadu ar benderfyniadau ehangach iechyd - er enghraifft, cynorthwyo plant i ddysgu; datblygu polisïau sy’n lleihau anghydraddoldeb incwm; cefnogi’r GIG i leihau effaith tlodi, incwm isel a dyledion sy’n rhwystrau rhag iechyd da.
  • Gwella llesiant meddyliol a chydnerthedd - er enghraifft, cynnig cymorth er mwyn i bawb gyflawni eu potensial yn llawn a gallu ymdopi'n well â heriau.
  • Hyrwyddo ymddygiad iach - er enghraifft, lleihau nifer y bobl sy’n ysmygu; cynyddu gweithgaredd corfforol a hyrwyddo pwysau iach.
  • Sicrhau dyfodol iach ar gyfer y genhedlaeth newydd - er enghraifft, gweithio gyda rhieni/gofalwyr a gwasanaethau i roi'r dechrau gorau mewn bywyd i bob plentyn yng Nghymru.
  • Diogelu'r cyhoedd rhag heintiau a bygythiadau amgylcheddol i iechyd - er enghraifft, sicrhau imiwneiddio i bawb.
  • Cefnogi gwaith i ddatblygu system iechyd a gofal cynaliadwy sy'n canolbwyntio ar atal ac ymyrryd yn gynnar - er enghraifft, parhau i ddatblygu a darparu rhaglenni sgrinio.
  • Meithrin a defnyddio gwybodaeth a sgiliau i wella iechyd a llesiant ledled Cymru.

Darllen pellach:

http://bit.ly/2Kk0DCY

Ysmygu a lleihau’r cysylltiad â mwg eilaidd

Cychwynnodd Prif Swyddog Meddygol Cymru ymgynghoriad ynglŷn â chynllun i leihau’r nifer o bobl sydd yn ysmygu, a phobl sy’n dod i gysylltiad â mwg ail-law. Y prif nod yw lleihau’r lefelau ysmygu i 16% erbyn 2020 a cheisio gwireddu gweledigaeth o gymdeithas ddi-fwg yng Nghymru lle nad yw tybaco yn niweidio unrhyw un. Mae’r camau gweithredu yn cynnwys:

  • cyflwyno rhaglenni atal ysmygu ASSIST mewn ysgolion (Arbrawf rhoi'r gorau i ysmygu mewn ysgolion)
  • annog awdurdodau lleol i gyflwyno meysydd chwarae di-fwg
  • gwahardd ysmygu mewn ardaloedd o amgylch adeiladau ysbytai lle y gallai lefelau mwg fod yn uchel a lle mae cleifion, ymwelwyr a staff yn ymgynnull.
Maeth a Hydradiad

Yn ôl canllawiau Arfer Gorau Llywodraeth Cymru ar Fwyd a Maeth, maent yn nodi bod plant rhwng blwydd a phump oed angen o leiaf 5 dogn o ffrwythau a llysiau bob dydd. Maent yn rhoi cyngor i rieni/gofalwyr ddefnyddio un ai tatws, bara, reis, pasta neu garbohydradau startslyd eraill fel sail i brydau bwyd plant bach.

Gall plant rhwng dwy a pump oed ddechrau symud yn raddol tuag at yr un cydbwysedd bwyd ag oedolion, gan sicrhau eu bod yn cael amrywiaeth o fwydydd o’r 5 grŵp bwyd er mwyn cadw’n iach, sef:

  • ffrwythau a llysiau
  • tatws, bara, reis, pasta
  • ychydig o fraster a siwgr
  • ffa, pysgod, wyau, cig.

Mae plant angen yfed oddeutu 6-8 cwpan o hylif y dydd, yn ddelfrydol, dŵr neu laeth.

http://bit.ly/31WsGyu

Gofal Iechyd y Geg

Pydredd dannedd yw’r afiechyd y geg fwyaf cyffredin sydd yn effeithio ar blant yn y Deyrnas Unedig. Drwy sicrhau gofal y geg da, mae modd atal pydredd dannedd. Mae pydredd yn digwydd wrth i blant fwyta gormod o fwydydd a diodydd sy’n llawn siwgr, a pheidio brwsio eu dannedd yn rheolaidd. Dylid brwsio dannedd cyn gynted ag y mae’r dant cyntaf yn ymddangos, a pharhau i wneud hynny gan ddefnyddio past dannedd â fflworid.

Mae’n hanfodol bod plant yn ymweld â’r deintydd yn rheolaidd. Mae archwiliad deintyddol yn caniatáu i’r deintydd archwilio iechyd y geg, ac edrych ar y dannedd, y deintgig a’r geg am arwyddion o glefyd. Mae pydredd dannedd a chlefyd y deintgig yn gallu cael eu hatal, felly mae’n well cael eu trin yn gynnar.

Mae ymwelydd iechyd Dechrau’n Deg yn cydweithio â rhaglen Cynllun Gwên er mwyn gwella iechyd y geg, ar gyfer plant cyn oed ysgol. Mae’r cynllun hwn wedi ei ariannu gan Lywodraeth Cymru.

Golwg

Mae profion llygad plant yn hollbwysig. Mae cyflyrau fel byrwelediad a hirwelediad, astigmatedd neu lygaid diog yn gyffredin iawn ac fel arfer gellir eu trin yn ddigon rhwydd. Gall profion llygaid helpu i adnabod rhai cyflyrau penodol cyn iddyn nhw ddechrau effeithio ar olwg ac iechyd llygaid y plentyn a sicrhau bod y plentyn yn gwneud y mwyaf o’i olwg a’i fod yn gweld pethau mor glir â phosib. Gall profion llygaid helpu i adnabod problemau iechyd fel diabetes yng nghyfnod cynnar y salwch.

Yn ychwanegol, mae angen mynd â’r plentyn at yr optegydd i gael prawf llygaid os yw yn:

  • blino’n gyflym
  • rhwbio ei lygaid yn aml
  • cymryd hirach nag eraill i gwblhau tasgau’n gyson
  • yn cael cur pen yn aml
  • methu ymyl y bwrdd wrth geisio rhoi pethau i lawr
  • cwympo dros wrthrychau sydd yn ei ffordd
  • cael trafferth gweld yn y tywyllwch
Diogelwch yn y gymuned ac atal damweiniau

Damweiniau yw un o’r achosion mwyaf cyffredin o farwolaethau ymhlith plant rhwng blwydd a phump oed. Yn flynyddol, rhaid i tua 500,000 o blant o dan bump oed fynd i’r ysbyty oherwydd damwain yn y cartref. Mae angen i blant chwilio a deall mwy am y peryglon sydd o’u cwmpas. Gall rieni neu ofalwyr eu helpu i wneud hyn drwy wneud eu cartref mor ddiogel â phosibl fel nad ydynt yn anafu eu hunain.

  • Syrthio: syrthio ar loriau llithrig neu anwastad, syrthio o’r gwely, cadeiriau uchel, waliau a ffenestri
  • Llosgi a sgaldio: tanau yn y cartref, barbeciws, matsis, tân gwyllt, bath poeth a diodydd poeth
  • Tagu: ar fwyd, teganau bach, darnau arian
  • Cŵn: mae plant bach yn fwy tebygol o ddioddef ymosodiadau gan gŵn
  • Mygu: bagiau plastig, blancedi
  • Gwenwyno: gyda chynhyrchion glanhau, sylweddau gwenwynig, meddyginiaeth
  • Boddi: yn y bath, pwll neu dwb poeth.

    Hint 3: Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit. Modi est praesentium earum exercitationem, accusantium molestiae asperiores reiciendis aliquam doloribus, delectus, cumque odio omnis rem, aliquid et. Quisquam eius, incidunt ab.

    Awgrymiadau 3: Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit. Modi est praesentium earum exercitationem, accusantium molestiae asperiores reiciendis aliquam doloribus, delectus, cumque odio omnis rem, aliquid et. Quisquam eius, incidunt ab.

Current screening and assessment tools used with 3-7 year olds

Adnoddau sgrinio ac asesu ar gyfer plant 3-7 oed

A child's height being measured

Screening and Assessing 3-7 year olds

Screening identifies children who may be at risk of disease or developing a health condition. If a disease or health condition is identified, they can be offered information, further tests and appropriate treatment.

The Healthy Child Wales Programme aims to improve the outcomes during the early years and monitors the percentage of children who reach their developmental milestones. As part of the programme children will be visited by a health visitor when they are 3½.

The health visitor will assess the child's growth and development and assess the family's resilience. The child will be transferred from the health visitor to the school nurse at 4-5 years old, and by the time they are 5 they will have had:

  • a hearing screening
  • a sight screening
  • their height and weight recorded in reception class. This is the Child Measurement Programme.

Children will receive a school nurse review aged 4-5 in order to assess their needs in terms of health, health promotion and well-being. The school nurse will assist children and young people at the school by promoting health education and providing information on health promotion.

The Welsh Government has developed an Early Years Assessment and Development Framework to establish a national constant means of assessing, tracking and monitoring children up to 7 years old. As part of this framework, the Foundation Phase was introduced to promote steps to assess development and to identify any delay at an early stage, ensuring support for those children needing it. By using formative observations and assessments, the profile helps childcare workers provide a holistic curriculum which is appropriate for each child. The profile has been designed to support assessments undertaken by professional health workers and helps to see at an early stage whether there is any possible delay in terms of development, special educational needs (SEN) or additional learning needs (ALN). This will ensure that support is given to those children who need it. The assessments collected as part of the profile will provide useful information to all stakeholders working in child development and learning and will support the transition from settings to schools.

Further reading:

http://bit.ly/2kfgdFT

http://bit.ly/2NlHO4g

Sgrinio ac Asesu Plant 3-7 oed

Mae sgrinio yn adnabod plant a allai fod mewn perygl o gael clefyd neu gyflwr. Os caiff glefyd neu gyflwr ei adnabod, yna gellir cynnig gwybodaeth, profion pellach a thriniaeth briodol iddynt.

Mae Rhaglen Plant Iach Cymru yn gweithio i wella canlyniadau ar gyfer y blynyddoedd cynnar ac yn monitro’r canran o blant sydd yn cyrraedd eu cerrig milltir o ran datblygiad. Fel rhan o’r rhaglen bydd plant yn derbyn ymweliad gan ymwelydd iechyd pan fydd yn 3½.

Bydd yr ymwelydd iechyd yn asesu twf a datblygiad y plentyn, ac yn asesu gwydnwch y teulu/gofalwyr. Bydd y plentyn yn cael ei drosglwyddo o’r ymwelydd iechyd i nyrs ysgol rhwng 4-5 mlwydd oed, ac erbyn y bydd y plentyn yn 5 mlwydd oed bydd wedi cael:

  • sgrinio’r clyw
  • sgrinio’r golwg
  • mesur taldra a phwysau’r plentyn pan fydd yn y dosbarth derbyn. Dyma’r Rhaglen Mesur Plant.

Bydd plant yn derbyn adolygiad gan nyrs ysgol rhwng 4-5 oed er mwyn asesu anghenion y plentyn o ran iechyd, hybu iechyd a lles. Bydd y nyrs ysgol yn cynorthwyo plant a phobl ifanc yn yr ysgol drwy hybu addysg am iechyd a darparu gwybodaeth am hybu iechyd.

Mae Llywodraeth Cymru wedi datblygu Fframwaith Asesu a Datblygu’r Blynyddoedd Cynnar er mwyn sefydlu dull cenedlaethol cyson o asesu, tracio a monitro cynnydd plant nes eu bod yn 7 oed. Yn y fframwaith hwn, mae’r Cyfnod Sylfaen wedi ei gyflwyno er mwyn hybu camau i asesu datblygiad ac adnabod unrhyw oedi’n gynnar, gan sicrhau cymorth i blant sydd ei angen. Trwy ddefnyddio arsylwadau ac asesiadau ffurfiannol, mae’r proffil yn gymorth i gweithwyr gofal plant ddarparu cwricwlwm cyfannol sy’n briodol ar gyfer pob plentyn.

Mae’r proffil wedi cael ei gynllunio i gyd-fynd ag asesiadau a gynhelir gan weithwyr iechyd proffesiynol ac yn gymorth i weld yn gynnar os oes unrhyw oedi posibl o ran datblygiad, anghenion addysgol arbennig (AAA) neu anghenion dysgu ychwanegol (ADY). Bydd hyn yn sicrhau bod cefnogaeth yn cael ei roi i’r plant sydd ei angen. Bydd yr asesiadau a gasglwyd fel rhan o’r proffil yn darparu gwybodaeth ddefnyddiol i’r holl randdeiliaid ym maes dysgu a datblygiad plant, ac yn gymorth wrth drosglwyddo rhwng lleoliadau ac ysgolion.

Darllen pellach:

http://bit.ly/2jYXXAh

http://bit.ly/2HiYeGB

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