Additional support needs

Anghenion cefnogi ychwanegol

Girl doing school work

Physical disability: Physical disabilities can have a significant impact on the ability of children to develop and learn. On the other hand, children with physical disabilities can have a very high level of intellectual ability. Examples of physical disabilities are:

  • Cerebral palsy: It affects the muscles and body movements as the brain cannot receive messages correctly.
  • Epilepsy: The neurons in the brain do not work properly and can cause the child to have a seizure or a fit where the body moves slightly or shakes. Usually, the child will be given medication to manage the condition.
  • Hydrocephalus: Liquid is created regularly in the brain and this can cause the child to have fits, learning needs, lack concentration, possible visual impairment, breathing difficulties. The condition varies in children.
  • Spina Bifida: A disorder affecting the spine that effects the main nervous system. Again, the disorder will have different effects on children but they will usually be wheelchair users.

Learning disability: Children might have a disability that prevents them from learning and prevents them from taking part in activities in which children usually partake. It is important to identify a learning difficulty in order to provide appropriate intervention at an early stage.

Autism: Autism is a lifelong condition which affects the way children communicate and interact with the world around them. The disability is referred to as a 'hidden' disability as the disorder is not revealed in the child's appearance. The children have difficulties with social skills, language and communication and behaviour.

Additional health needs: Additional health needs can affect a child's education following failure to attend school due to health reasons. This may be due to short term illness such as colds, earaches, or a medical condition that requires hospital treatment. Whatever the condition, children who miss a lot of school and children who fail to attend school should receive high quality education like all other children.

Sensory loss: Sensory loss includes hearing impairment, visual impairment, language specific impairment, selective mutism, cleft palate or lip.

Emotional and behavioural difficulties: This can be due to losing a loved one, such as a family member/carer or losing a pet. The child will have difficulty dealing with emotions and expressing their feelings.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): The child will have difficulty concentrating and will lack short term memory skills. They will behave impulsively, will be frustrated and will have difficulty forming relationships with peers.

Dyslexia: Difficulties with words which affects their ability to read, spell and write. It can also affect the child's memory and the way the child processes information. Dyslexia can be a hereditary condition.

Dyspraxia: Children have difficulties with movements, language and developing ideas. They can appear clumsy bumping into objects and people. Their handwriting will be untidy and even though the child will have good ideas, they will be unable to record them on paper. They will have difficulty organising their work and familiarising themselves with routines in the school and in the home.

Complex multiple needs: The child will have severe learning difficulties as well as possible physical or sensory impairments. They will need care from adults in an educational and personal sense. They will need stimulation encompassing the senses.

Attachment disorder: Due to a lack of attachment with their main carer as a toddler they have problems with their mood, their behaviour and their ability to form a relationship with others. The child may appear unhappy, withdrawn and fearful without a specific reason.

Anabledd corfforol: Gall anableddau corfforol gael dylanwad mawr ar allu’r plentyn i ddatblygu a dysgu. Ar y llaw arall, gall plant ag anableddau corfforol fod yn alluog iawn o ran eu gallu deallusol. Enghreifftiau o anabledd corfforol yw:

  • Parlys yr ymennydd: Mae’n effeithio ar y cyhyrau a symudiadau’r corff gan nad yw’r ymennydd yn medru derbyn negeseuon yn gywir.
  • Epilepsi: Nid yw’r niwronau yn yr ymennydd yn gweithio’n iawn a gall achosi’r plentyn i gael trawiad neu ffit ble fydd y corff yn symud yn ysgafn neu’n ysgwyd. Fel arfer bydd y plentyn yn derbyn meddyginiaeth i reoli’r cyflwr.
  • Hydrocephalus: Mae hylif yn cael ei greu’n rheolaidd yn yr ymennydd a gall achosi’r plentyn i gael ffitiau, bod ag anghenion dysgu, methu canolbwyntio, efallai â nam ar y golwg, anawsterau anadlu. Mae’r cyflwr yn amrywio mewn plant.
  • Spina Bifida: Anhwylder sy’n effeithio ar linyn y cefn sy’n effeithio’r brif system nerfol. Eto bydd yr anhwylder yn cael effaith wahanol ar blant ond byddant fel arfer mewn cadair olwyn.

Anabledd dysgu: Efallai bydd gan blentyn anabledd sydd yn eu hatal rhag dysgu ac yn eu rhwystro rhag cymryd rhan mewn gweithgareddau a wneir yn arferol gan blant eraill. Mae’n bwysig adnabod anhawster dysgu er mwyn darparu’r ymyrraeth briodol yn ddigon cynnar.

Awtistiaeth: Cyflwr gydol oes yw awtistiaeth sy’n effeithio ar y ffordd y mae’r plentyn yn cyfathrebu ac yn ymwneud ag eraill a’r byd o’u cwmpas. Mae’r anabledd yn cael ei gyfeirio ato fel anabledd ‘cudd’ gan nad yw edrychiad y plentyn yn datgan yr anhwylder. Bydd plant yn cael anhawster gyda sgiliau cymdeithasol, iaith a chyfathrebu ac ymddygiad.

Anghenion iechyd ychwanegol: Mae anghenion iechyd ychwanegol yn gallu effeithio ar addysg plentyn yn dilyn methu a bod yn bresennol yn yr ysgol am resymau iechyd. Gall hyn fod oherwydd salwch tymor byr megis annwyd, poen yn y glust, neu gyflwr meddygol sydd angen triniaeth yn yr ysbyty. Beth bynnag yw’r anhwylder mae angen sicrhau fod plant sy’n colli llawer o’r ysgol a phlant sy’n methu mynychu’r ysgol yn cael addysg o safon uchel fel pob plentyn arall.

Colli synhwyrau: Gall golli synhwyrau gynnwys nam ar y clyw, nam ar y golwg, nam iaith benodol, mudandod dewisol, gwefus neu daflod hollt.

Anawsterau emosiynol ac ymddygiadol: Gall/ Gallai hyn fod yn sgil colli rhywun agos, megis aelod o’r teulu/gofalwyr neu golli anifail anwes. Bydd y plentyn yn cael anhawster ymdrin ag emosiynau a mynegi teimladau.

Anhwylder diffyg canolbwyntio a gorfywiogrwydd (ADHD): Bydd y plentyn yn cael hi’n anodd canolbwyntio ac nid fydd yn berchen ar sgiliau cof tymor byr. Bydd yn ymddwyn yn fyrbwyll, yn teimlo’n rhwystredig ac yn cael anhawster ffurfio perthynas gyda chyfoedion.

Dyslecsia: Anhawster gyda geiriau sy’n effeithio ar y gallu i ddarllen, sillafu ac ysgrifennu. Gall hefyd effeithio cof y plentyn a’r ffordd mae’r plentyn yn prosesu gwybodaeth. Gall dyslecsia fod yn gyflwr sy’n rhedeg yn y teulu/gofalwyr.

Dyspracsia: Caiff plant anhawster gyda symudiadau, iaith a datblygu syniadau. Efallai bydd y plentyn i’w weld yn lletchwith ac yn bwrw mewn i wrthrychau a phobl. Bydd y lawysgrifen yn anniben ac er bydd y plentyn yn aml yn berchen ar syniadau da, ni fydd yn medru eu cofnodi ar bapur. Bydd yn cael anhawster cadw trefn ar waith a methu cyfarwyddo a threfn o fewn yr ysgol ac yn y cartref.

Anghenion cymhleth lluosog: Bydd gan y plentyn anghenion dysgu difrifol ac efallai hefyd anawsterau corfforol neu nam ar y synhwyrau. Bydd angen oedolion i ofalu ar eu hol yn addysgol ac yn bersonol. Bydd angen cynnig symbyliad sy’n cwmpasu’r synhwyrau.

Anhwylder ymlyniad: Yn sgil diffyg creu ymlyniad wrth y prif ofalwr pan yn blentyn bach mae problemau o ran hwyliau’r plentyn, ei ymddygiad a’r gallu i greu perthynas gydag eraill. Efallai bydd y plentyn yn edrych yn drist gan ymddangos yn encilgar ac yn ofnus heb unrhyw reswm penodol.

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Additional support needs

Drag the disability to the correct description.

Anghenion cefnogi ychwanegol

Llusgwch yr anabledd at y disgrifiad cywir.


Disability

Anabledd

Description

Disgrifiad

Correct answers

Atebion cywir