It is important to provide positive environments that develop and support children's emotional, physical and mental well-being in order to support their growth and development. A positive environment enables you to promote the physical, social, emotional, cognitive and linguistic development of children in your care. The Foundation Phase's statutory framework provides children with opportunities to achieve holistic development by offering a curriculum which focuses on the needs of each individual child. It considers children's experiences, their existing knowledge and what they have already learnt. This allows the planning of an appropriate curriculum to support the learning further.
The areas of the curriculum include:
The following are some of the opportunities settings should offer children, according to the Framework for Children's Learning for 3 to 7-year-olds in Wales:
By providing furniture, resources and activities that are suitable for children's age and stage of development, a setting will support the physical development of children. It is important to make use of the outdoor area, as well as the indoor area. Toys such as bikes and scooters promote the development of gross motor skills, and help children to learn about speed, space and distance. Children need to take part in physical activities that challenge and motivate them and provide them with opportunities to explore and manage risk, for instance climbing and riding a bike. Activities in the construction, sand or water areas support the development of fine manipulative skills and hand-eye co-ordination. The environment should provide opportunities for children to develop their sensory awareness, and tactile resources such as wooden pegs, brushes, sponges, smooth stones, metal and wooden spoons, or pieces of material such as velvet can promote this.
A positive environment supports children’s social and emotional development. Seeing positive images regularly in the setting will develop children's sense of self-identity. For example, a character with a disability could be chosen as a superhero, or people dressed in clothes representing a variety of cultures such as a sari or hijab.
Confidence and independence are encouraged by providing equipment and resources that are suitable for children's stage of development and are accessible to them. Planning is required in order to ensure that all children can access all resources available. The positive behaviour of children will develop as they understand expectations and as they are encouraged and praised to follow the rules of the setting. By taking part in play activities in the indoor or outdoor area, children socialise with adults and other children in a fun way.
A positive environment supports children's cognitive development by providing a wide range of resources, activities and experiences that are suitable for each child's stage of development. It is important to take children's individual needs into account, as there may be a big difference between the cognitive development stages of children of the same age. The book area, displays and activities that encourage children to investigate and discuss will support their development of knowledge and understanding of the world, as well as mathematical concepts, for instance time and shape. Play opportunities in the indoor or outdoor area can encourage children to explore and use their imagination, for example during role play.
A positive environment supports linguistic development by providing suitable areas for communicating with adults or other children. Small cosy areas can help to reduce background noise and encourage shy children to communicate as they feel secure. Resources such as puppets, recording equipment and toys such as telephones allow children to communicate and develop their speech and language skills. Activities that are a part of the daily routine encourage linguistic development, for example circle time, story time and when singing nursery rhymes. Children should be given opportunities to write in the indoor and outdoor areas, for example forming letters in a tub of shaving foam.
By providing resources and activities that are suitable for children's age and stage of development, a setting will support the creative development of children. It is important to provide resources from a variety of cultures in order to stimulate new ideas, for example music so that children explore different sounds and movements. Natural materials such as clay, sand and water stimulate creativity and develop children's sensory awareness. Settings should provide a variety of resources in order to develop creativity, for example different types of paper such as newspaper or wallpaper, crayons, chalk and different types of paint.
Mae darparu amgylcheddau cadarnhaol sy’n meithrin ac yn cefnogi llesiant emosiynol, corfforol a meddyliol plant yn bwysig er mwyn eu helpu i dyfu a datblygu. Bydd amgylchedd cadarnhaol yn eich galluogi i hyrwyddo datblygiad corfforol cymdeithasol, emosiynol, gwybyddol ac ieithyddol y plant yn eich gofal. Mae fframwaith statudol y Cyfnod Sylfaen yn darparu cyfleoedd i blant wireddu datblygiad cyfannol trwy gynnig cwricwlwm sy’n canolbwyntio ar anghenion pob plentyn unigol. Mae’n ystyried profiadau plant, y wybodaeth sydd ganddynt a’r hyn maent eisoes wedi ei ddysgu. Bydd hyn yn caniatáu cynllunio cwricwlwm priodol er mwyn cefnogi’r dysgu ymhellach.
Mae’r meysydd cwricwlaidd yn cynnwys:
Dyma rai o’r cyfleoedd dylai lleoliadau gynnig i blant, yn ôl Fframwaith ar gyfer Dysgu Plant 3 i 7 oed yng Nghymru:
Drwy ddarparu dodrefn, adnoddau a gweithgareddau sy’n addas ar gyfer oed a cham datblygiad plant bydd lleoliad yn cefnogi datblygiad corfforol plant. Mae’n bwysig defnyddio’r ardal tu allan, yn ogystal â’r ardal tu mewn. Mae teganau megis beiciau a sgwteri yn hyrwyddo datblygiad sgiliau echddygol bras, ac yn helpu plant i ddysgu am gyflymder, gofod a phellter. Mae angen i blant gymryd rhan mewn gweithgareddau corfforol sy’n eu herio a’u cymell a rhoi cyfleoedd iddynt archwilio a rheoli risg, er enghraifft dringo a reidio beic. Mae gweithgareddau yn yr ardal adeiladu, tywod neu ddŵr yn helpu i ddatblygu sgiliau llawdriniol manwl a chydweithrediad llaw a llygaid. Dylai’r amgylchedd gynnig cyfleoedd i blant ddatblygu eu hymwybyddiaeth o synhwyrau, a gall adnoddau cyffyrddol megis pegiau pren, brwshys, sbyngau, cerrig llyfn, llwyau metal a phren, neu ddarnau o ddefnydd megis felfed hyrwyddo hyn.
Mae amgylchedd cadarnhaol yn cefnogi datblygiad cymdeithasol ac emosiynol plant. Drwy weld delweddau cadarnhaol yn gyson yn y lleoliad bydd plant yn datblygu ymdeimlad o hunaniaeth. Gellid dewis, er enghraifft, gymeriad ag anabledd yn arwr arbennig, neu bobl wedi eu gwisgo mewn dillad sy’n cynrychioli amrywiaeth o ddiwylliannau megis sari neu hijab.
Caiff hyder ac annibyniaeth eu hannog drwy ddarparu offer ac adnoddau sy’n addas ar gyfer cam datblygiad plant, ac sy’n gyraeddadwy iddynt. Mae angen cynllunio er mwyn sicrhau bod pob plentyn yn gallu cael mynediad at yr holl adnoddau sydd ar gael. Bydd ymddygiad cadarnhaol plant yn datblygu wrth iddynt ddeall disgwyliadau ac wrth gael eu hannog a chanmol i ddilyn rheolau’r lleoliad. Drwy gymryd rhan mewn gweithgareddau chwarae yn yr ardal dan do neu du allan, bydd plant yn cymdeithasu gydag oedolion a phlant eraill mewn ffordd hwyliog.
Mae amgylchedd cadarnhaol yn cefnogi datblygiad gwybyddol plant drwy ddarparu ystod eang o adnoddau, gweithgareddau a phrofiadau sy’n addas ar gyfer cam datblygiad bob plentyn. Mae’n bwysig ystyried anghenion unigol y plant, gan gall fod gwahaniaeth mawr rhwng cam datblygiad gwybyddol plant yr un oed. Bydd yr ardal lyfrau, arddangosfeydd a gweithgareddau sy’n annog i blant ymchwilio a thrafod yn eu cefnogi i ddatblygu eu gwybodaeth a dealltwriaeth o’r byd, a chysyniadau mathemategol er enghraifft amser a siâp. Gall cyfleoedd chwarae yn yr ardal dan do neu du allan annog plant i archwilio a defnyddio eu dychymyg,er enghraifft wrth iddynt chwarae rôl.
Mae amgylchedd cadarnhaol yn cefnogi datblygiad ieithyddol drwy ddarparu ardaloedd addas ar gyfer cyfathrebu gydag oedolion neu blant eraill. Gall ardaloedd bach clyd helpu i leihau sŵn yn y cefndir ac annog plant swil i gyfathrebu gan eu bod yn teimlo’n ddiogel. Gall adnoddau fel pypedau, offer recordio a theganau megis ffonau ganiatáu i blant gyfathrebu a datblygu eu sgiliau iaith a lleferydd. Mae gweithgareddau sy’n rhan o’r drefn ddyddiol yn annog datblygiad ieithyddol, er enghraifft amser cylch, amser stori ac wrth ganu hwiangerddi. Dylai plant cael cyfleoedd i ysgrifennu yn yr ardal dan do ac yn yr awyr agored, er enghraifft ffurfio llythrennau mewn twb o sebon siafio.
Dyma rai o’r cyfleoedd dylai lleoliadaugynnig i blant, yn ôl Fframwaith ar gyfer Dysgu Plant 3 i 7 oed yng Nghymru:
Drwy ddarparu adnoddau a gweithgareddau sy’n addas ar gyfer oed a cham datblygiad plant bydd lleoliad yn cefnogi datblygiad creadigol. Mae’n bwysig darparu adnoddau o amrywiaeth o ddiwylliannau er mwyn ysgogi syniadau newydd, er enghraifft cerddoriaeth er mwyn i blant archwilio synau a symudiadau gwahanol. Gall deunyddiau naturiol megis clai, tywod a dŵr symbylu creadigrwydd a datblygu ymwybyddiaeth plant o synhwyrau. Dylai lleoliadau ddarparu amrywiaeth o adnoddau er mwyn datblygu creadigrwydd, er enghraifft gwahanol fathau o bapur megis papur newydd neu bapur wal, creonau, sialc a gwahanol fathau o baent.
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Rhybudd! Ni ellir defnyddio’r adnodd yma ar ffonau symudol neu dabled.
How can the environment support the holistic development of children? Place correct and incorrect answers in the columns.
Sut gall yr amgylchedd gefnogi datblygiad cyfannol plant? Cliciwch ar yr atebion cywir.
Sut gall yr amgylchedd gefnogi datblygiad cyfannol plant? Cliciwch ar yr atebion cywir.