Individuals who need to access support services in order to remain in their own homes have the right:
Mae gan unigolion sydd angen defnyddio gwasanaethau cymorth er mwyn aros yn eu cartrefi eu hunain yr hawl i'r canlynol:
Individuals who need care and support will come from many different backgrounds, religions and cultures. It is important that their rights are upheld:
Bydd unigolion sydd angen gofal a chymorth yn dod o lawer o wahanol gefndiroedd, crefyddau a diwylliannau. Mae'n bwysig bod eu hawliau'n cael eu harddel:
There are several types of advocacy:
The role of an advocate in health and social care is to support vulnerable individuals who are physically or mentally disabled, have a mental illness, or dementia to ensure that:
The advocate can provide practical assistance with:
Mae sawl math o eiriolaeth:
Rôl eiriolwr ym maes iechyd a gofal cymdeithasol yw cefnogi unigolion agored i niwed sy'n anabl yn gorfforol neu'n feddyliol, sydd ag afiechyd meddwl neu ddementia i sicrhau'r canlynol:
Gall yr eiriolwr roi cymorth ymarferol gyda'r canlynol:
Just because someone requires care and support doesn’t mean they are totally dependent, or incapable.
Mentally and physically disabled individuals along with those who have mental health issues may face discrimination.
They can be viewed as:
These views can impact the well-being of the individual, therefore it is important that such views are challenged and modified.
If too much is done for the individual, then they may lose the ability to do things for themselves. This is known as learned helplessness and can have a major psychological impact on the individual.
Not allowing the individual to try to do things themselves can also lead them to feel frustrated at the lack of independence, dignity and privacy they are afforded.
Nid yw'r ffaith bod rhywun angen gofal a chymorth yn golygu ei fod yn gwbl ddibynnol, neu'n analluog.
Gall unigolion ag anabledd meddyliol a chorfforol, ynghyd â'r rhai sydd â phroblemau iechyd meddwl, wynebu gwahaniaethu.
Gellir eu hystyried fel a ganlyn:
Gall y safbwyntiau hyn effeithio ar lesiant yr unigolyn, felly mae'n bwysig bod safbwyntiau o'r fath yn cael eu herio a'u haddasu.
Os oes gormod yn cael ei wneud i'r unigolyn, efallai y bydd yn colli'r gallu i wneud pethau dros ei hun. Gelwir hyn yn ddiymadferthedd wedi'i ddysgu a gall gael effaith seicolegol sylweddol ar yr unigolyn.
Gall peidio â gadael i'r unigolyn geisio gwneud pethau ei hun hefyd ei arwain i deimlo'n rhwystredig am y diffyg annibyniaeth, urddas a phreifatrwydd a roddir iddynt.
Gaining the trust of individuals and their families/carers can be difficult. Often they feel that they have failed if they require care and support, or they may have heard of others that haven’t received the right care and support in their own homes and feel a loss of rights and control over their lives.
In order to challenge these perceptions, trust must be built between all involved.
As soon as the need for care is identified, the individual and their family/carers need to be involved in all the decisions made, putting their needs at the centre of the planning process.
The individuals and their family need to feel empowered to make decisions that will help improve their quality of life, by explaining the support options available and allowing them to help design a care package that fits their needs.
Gall fod yn anodd ennill ymddiriedaeth unigolion a'u teuluoedd/gofalwyr. Yn aml maent yn teimlo eu bod wedi methu os oes angen cymorth gofal arnynt, neu efallai eu bod wedi clywed am eraill nad ydynt wedi cael y gofal a'r cymorth cywir yn eu cartrefi eu hunain ac sy'n teimlo eu bod yn colli hawliau a rheolaeth dros eu bywydau.
Er mwyn herio'r canfyddiadau hyn, rhaid meithrin ymddiriedaeth rhwng pawb sy'n gysylltiedig.
Cyn gynted ag y nodir yr angen am ofal, mae angen cynnwys yr unigolyn a'i deulu/gofalwyr yn yr holl benderfyniadau a wneir, gan roi eu hanghenion yng nghanol y broses gynllunio.
Mae angen i'r unigolion a'u teuluoedd deimlo eu bod wedi'u grymuso i wneud penderfyniadau a fydd yn helpu i wella ansawdd eu bywyd, drwy esbonio'r dewisiadau cymorth sydd ar gael a chaniatáu iddynt helpu i ddylunio pecyn gofal sy'n gweddu i'w hanghenion.
The senses framework was designed to ensure that all individuals receive good care. In order to deliver high quality care the individual, their family and their support workers need to experience the following senses:
Cynlluniwyd y fframwaith synhwyrau i sicrhau bod pob unigolyn yn derbyn gofal da. Er mwyn darparu gofal o ansawdd uchel, mae angen i'r unigolyn, ei deulu a'i weithwyr cymorth brofi'r synhwyrau canlynol:
Individuals in need of care still have the right to have choice and control over their daily life.
They should be able to control how they spend their day, who they see, what they do and how they spend their money.
They should be allowed to actively participate in their own care and make decisions about the areas of their life that they need support with.
Individuals should be given the opportunity to participate in social, cultural or religious events as part of their community.
They have the right to signify their gender in a way that feels comfortable to them and engage in relationships both platonic and sexual with whom they choose.
They should not be made to feel that choices are being made for them or that they have to conform to the views of those offering care and support.
'Social Care Wales' Code of Professional Practice ensures that those delivering care, respect the rights of the individual within their care.
The principles, such as voice and control and co-production, in the Social Services and Well-being (Wales) Act 2014 ensure people have their rights met.
Mae gan unigolion sydd angen gofal yr hawl o hyd i gael dewis a rheolaeth dros eu bywyd bob dydd.
Dylen nhw allu rheoli, sut maen nhw'n treulio'u diwrnod, pwy maen nhw'n ei weld, beth maen nhw'n ei wneud a sut maen nhw'n gwario'u harian.
Dylid caniatáu iddynt gymryd rhan weithredol yn eu gofal eu hunain a gwneud penderfyniadau ynglŷn â'r agweddau ar eu bywyd y mae angen cymorth arnynt.
Dylid rhoi cyfle i unigolion gymryd rhan mewn digwyddiadau cymdeithasol, diwylliannol neu grefyddol fel rhan o'u cymuned.
Mae ganddynt yr hawl i ddynodi eu rhywedd mewn ffordd sy'n teimlo'n gyfforddus iddynt a chymryd rhan mewn perthnasoedd platonig a rhywiol gydag unrhyw un y dymunant.
Ni ddylid gwneud iddynt deimlo bod dewisiadau'n cael eu gwneud ar eu cyfer na bod yn rhaid iddynt gydymffurfio â safbwyntiau'r rhai sy'n cynnig gofal a chymorth.
Mae Cod Ymarfer Proffesiynol Gofal Cymdeithasol Cymru yn sicrhau bod y rhai sy'n darparu gofal yn parchu hawliau'r unigolyn yn eu gofal.
Mae’r egwyddorion, megis llais a rheolaeth a chyd-gynhyrchu, yn Neddf Gwasanaethau Cymdeithasol a Llesiant (Cymru) 2014 yn sicrhau bod hawliau pobl yn cael eu bodloni.
Individuals and their carers are fundamental to development of an appropriate care package.
It is important that everyone works together to ensure that support is delivered with the individual’s best interest at heart.
Those that are in a caring role are a major partner in providing support to the individual and informing health and social services of the needs and personal preferences of the individual.
Sharing information, decision making and planning can ease the burden on carers and family members whilst ensuring that their role is still valued and that they are viewed as a equal partner in the delivery of support.
Mae unigolion a'u gofalwyr yn hanfodol i ddatblygu pecyn gofal priodol.
Mae'n bwysig bod pawb yn cydweithio i sicrhau bod cymorth yn cael ei ddarparu gyda'r budd gorau i'r unigolyn wrth ei wraidd.
Mae'r rhai sydd mewn rôl gofalu yn bartner pwysig yn y gwaith o ddarparu cymorth i'r unigolyn a hysbysu gwasanaethau iechyd a chymdeithasol am anghenion a dewisiadau personol yr unigolyn.
Gall rhannu gwybodaeth, gwneud penderfyniadau a chynllunio ysgafnhau'r baich ar ofalwyr ac aelodau teulu gan sicrhau bod eu rôl yn dal i gael ei gwerthfawrogi a'u bod yn cael eu hystyried yn bartner cyfartal wrth ddarparu cymorth.
Community participation engenders feelings of belonging, it can also ensure that the individual’s needs are recognised and supported from within the community.
A sense of mattering to others is important to mental well-being, as is emotional connection, allowing the individual to feel like they share a history of similar experiences with others in their community.
The community can provide interdependence and mutual support, thus positively promoting community development. It lessens the feelings of isolation and loneliness and increases life satisfaction.
Individuals can contribute to their community if they are allowed to:
They should be involved in the planning of services and support for others with similar issues and can be instrumental in educating the general public about individuals who need support to live independently and dispelling myths and misconceptions.
Mae cyfranogiad cymunedol yn ennyn teimladau o berthyn, a gall hefyd sicrhau bod anghenion yr unigolyn yn cael eu cydnabod a'u cefnogi o fewn y gymuned.
Mae synnwyr o fod o bwys i eraill yn bwysig i lesiant meddyliol, fel y mae cysylltiad emosiynol, sy'n galluogi'r unigolyn i deimlo ei fod yn rhannu hanes o brofiadau tebyg gydag eraill yn ei gymuned.
Gall y gymuned ddarparu cyd-ddibyniaeth a chyd-gymorth, gan hyrwyddo datblygiad cymunedol mewn modd cadarnhaol. Mae'n lleihau teimladau o arwahanrwydd ac unigrwydd ac yn cynyddu boddhad bywyd.
Gall unigolion gyfrannu at eu cymuned os caniateir iddynt wneud y canlynol:
Dylent fod yn rhan o'r gwaith o gynllunio gwasanaethau a chymorth i eraill â materion tebyg a gallant fod yn allweddol i addysgu'r cyhoedd am unigolion sydd angen cymorth i fyw'n annibynnol a chwalu mythau a chamsyniadau.
There is no avoiding risk as it is everywhere in everyday life. It’s important for individuals to be able to take risk in order for them to live as normal a day life as possible.
Not taking risks leads to institutionalised living and behaviours. Individual’s need to learn and develop new skills by taking risks and build confidence and new skills and abilities. This might lead to new opportunities being taken by them.
Nid oes modd osgoi risgiau gan eu bod ym mhobman ym mywyd bob dydd. Mae'n bwysig bod unigolion yn gallu cymryd risg er mwyn iddynt fyw bywyd bob dydd mor normal â phosibl.
Mae peidio â chymryd risgiau yn arwain at fyw sefydliadol ac ymddygiad sefydliadol. Angen yr unigolyn i ddysgu a datblygu sgiliau newydd trwy gymryd risgiau a magu hyder a sgiliau a galluoedd newydd. Gallai hyn arwain at gyfleoedd newydd yn cael eu cymryd ganddynt.
Positive risk taking allows the individuals to make informed choices about risk and to have safety measures put in place to allow the individual to take those risks.
Allowing positive risk taking can benefit the individual’s well-being through:
Mae cymryd risgiau cadarnhaol yn galluogi'r unigolion i wneud dewisiadau gwybodus am risg a sicrhau bod mesurau diogelwch ar waith i alluogi'r unigolyn i gymryd y risgiau hynny.
Gall caniatáu cymryd risgiau cadarnhaol fod o fudd i lesiant yr unigolyn drwy'r canlynol:
Building trust with all those involved in the lives of the individuals you care for forms the basis of a successful relationships.
Having open and honest conversations, and taking time to listen to both the individual and others involved in their care are important in order to fully understand the individual and their preferences.
By recognising and respecting diversity, and empowering the individual and their family to be in control of all decisions will build a trusting relationship. This then would encourage individuals to share information with you about their daily lives, culture and history.
Mae meithrin ymddiriedaeth gyda phawb sy'n ymwneud â bywydau'r unigolion yr ydych yn gofalu amdanynt yn ffurfio'r sail ar gyfer perthnasoedd llwyddiannus.
Mae cael sgyrsiau agored a gonest, a chymryd amser i wrando ar yr unigolyn ac eraill sy'n ymwneud â'u gofal, yn bwysig er mwyn deall yr unigolyn a'i ddymuniadau'n llawn.
Bydd cydnabod a pharchu amrywiaeth, a grymuso'r unigolyn a'i deulu i reoli pob penderfyniad yn meithrin perthynas ymddiriedus. Byddai hyn wedyn yn annog unigolion i rannu gwybodaeth gyda chi am eu bywyd bob dydd, eu diwylliant a'u hanes.
Relationships can be formal or informal. Formal relationships are those that are formed by the care staff/agencies/professionals and are bound by specific rules and boundaries. Informal relationships are those that are formed from family and friends etc.
Demonstrating professional behaviour and acting in the best interests of the individual whilst working to the regulations, policies and boundaries you’re controlled will build positive and supportive relationships.
If the individual’s family are actively involved in their care, then with the individual’s permission, they should be kept informed of any changes related to the individual, and involved with reviews. By showing respect and empathy towards the needs of the individual and their family will help to build a positive professional relationship.
Mae perthynas yn gallu bod yn ffurfiol neu’n anffurfiol. Perthnasoedd ffurfiol yw'r rhai a ffurfir gan y staff gofal/asiantaethau/gweithwyr proffesiynol ac maent wedi'u rhwymo gan reolau a ffiniau penodol a'r rhai anffurfiol a ffurfir o deulu/cyfeillion ac ati.
Bydd dangos ymddygiad proffesiynol a gweithredu er budd yr unigolyn tra'n gweithio yn ôl y rheoliadau, y polisïau a'r ffiniau a reolir gennych yn meithrin perthnasoedd cadarnhaol a chefnogol.
Os yw teulu'r unigolyn yn ymwneud yn weithredol â'u gofal, yna gyda chaniatâd yr unigolyn, dylid eu hysbysu o unrhyw newidiadau sy'n ymwneud â'r unigolyn, a'u cynnwys mewn adolygiadau. Trwy ddangos parch ac empathi tuag at anghenion yr unigolyn a'i deulu bydd yn helpu i feithrin perthynas broffesiynol gadarnhaol.
Support for individuals to live at home can come from many different sources. They should be made aware of all the services that are available by providing them with:
Gall cymorth i unigolion fyw gartref ddod o lawer o wahanol ffynonellau. Dylid sicrhau eu bod yn ymwybodol o'r holl wasanaethau sydd ar gael drwy eu darparu â'r canlynol:
Working with and getting to know a diverse range of people, for example, individuals accessing services, their friends and family, colleagues and other professionals, enables health and social care workers to develop their knowledge and understanding of different ways of thinking and living and the reasons for different beliefs, values and behaviours.
As a consequence, tolerance of and respect for others develop, both of which are important when meeting individual needs and preferences. Having their differences acknowledged and understood helps individuals to develop a sense of belonging, increasing their self-esteem and improving their well-being.
If there is conflict, it is important to be able to consider all aspects of an individual’s views and choices. It is important to take time to discuss these with each party and try to reach an agreement if possible.
Helping families and carers understand what the individual is experiencing may help them accept the decisions the individual is making.
It may be necessary to involve a manager or an advocate if a resolution does not seem possible.
Mae gweithio gydag amrywiaeth eang o bobl, a dod i'w hadnabod, er enghraifft, unigolion sy'n defnyddio gwasanaethau, eu ffrindiau a'u teulu, cydweithwyr a gweithwyr proffesiynol eraill, yn galluogi gweithwyr iechyd a gofal cymdeithasol i ddatblygu eu gwybodaeth a'u dealltwriaeth o wahanol ffyrdd o feddwl a byw a'r rhesymau dros wahanol gredoau, gwerthoedd ac ymddygiadau.
O ganlyniad, mae goddefgarwch a pharch at eraill yn datblygu, ac mae'r ddau yn bwysig wrth ddiwallu anghenion a dewisiadau unigol. Mae cael eu gwahaniaethau wedi'u cydnabod a'u deall yn helpu unigolion i ddatblygu ymdeimlad o berthyn, gan gynyddu eu hunan-barch a gwella eu llesiant.
Os oes gwrthdaro, mae'n bwysig gallu ystyried pob agwedd ar safbwyntiau a dewisiadau unigolyn. Mae'n bwysig cymryd amser i drafod y rhain gyda phob parti a cheisio dod i gytundeb os oes modd.
Gall helpu teuluoedd a gofalwyr i ddeall yr hyn y mae'r unigolyn yn ei brofi eu helpu i dderbyn y penderfyniadau y mae'r unigolyn yn ei gwneud.
Efallai y bydd angen cynnwys rheolwr neu eiriolwr os nad yw datrysiad yn ymddangos yn bosibl.
In relation to the sharing of information between individuals, families/carers and professionals, it is important to remember that:
Consent can be given in a number of ways; verbally, in writing or through actions. For example, the individual might also indicate consent perhaps by raising an arm to indicate approval, and thereby imply consent. Informed consent is given when the individual understands what they are consenting to.
All organisations should have procedures in place that set out clearly the processes and the principles for sharing information and for gaining consent to doing this. The arrangement should cover how information will be shared within their own organisation and with others who may be involved in supporting the individual.
O ran rhannu gwybodaeth rhwng unigolion, teuluoedd/gofalwyr a gweithwyr proffesiynol, mae'n bwysig cofio'r canlynol:
Gellir rhoi cydsyniad mewn nifer o ffyrdd; ar lafar, yn ysgrifenedig neu drwy weithredoedd. Er enghraifft, gallai'r unigolyn hefyd ddangos cydsyniad efallai drwy godi braich i ddangos cymeradwyaeth, a thrwy hynny awgrymu cydsyniad. Rhoddir cydsyniad gwybodus pan fydd yr unigolyn yn deall yr hyn y mae'n cydsynio ag ef.
Dylai pob sefydliad fod â gweithdrefnau ar waith sy'n nodi'n glir y prosesau a'r egwyddorion ar gyfer rhannu gwybodaeth a chael cydsyniad i wneud hyn. Dylai'r trefniant gynnwys sut y bydd gwybodaeth yn cael ei rhannu yn eu sefydliad eu hunain a chydag eraill a allai fod â rhan yn y gwaith o gefnogi'r unigolyn.