When supporting individuals with a physical impairment, it is important to understand the key terms to be used. People are “disabled” through lack of access to buildings, information, communication or personal support or by the attitudes of others.
Disability refers to the loss or limitation of opportunities to take part in society on an equal level with others due to institutional, environmental and attitudinal barriers.
A physical impairment is viewed as an injury, illness, or congenital (a condition you are born with) that causes or is likely to cause a long term effect on physical appearance and/or limitation of function within the individual that differs from the commonplace.
Wrth gefnogi unigolion â nam corfforol, mae'n bwysig deall y termau allweddol i'w defnyddio. Mae pobl yn "anabl" drwy ddiffyg mynediad i adeiladau, at wybodaeth, cyfathrebu neu gymorth personol neu drwy agweddau pobl eraill.
Mae anabledd yn cyfeirio at golli cyfleoedd neu gyfyngu ar gyfleoedd i gymryd rhan mewn cymdeithas ar lefel sy'n gyfartal ag eraill oherwydd rhwystrau sefydliadol, amgylcheddol ac agweddol.
Mae nam corfforol yn cael ei ystyried fel anaf, salwch, neu gyflwr genedigol sy'n achosi neu'n debygol o achosi effaith hirdymor ar ymddangosiad corfforol a/neu gyfyngu ar weithredu'r unigolion sy'n wahanol i'r hyn sy'n gyffredin.
A physical impairment is a limitation on an individual's physical functioning, mobility, dexterity or stamina and there are a range of causes.
Other key terms used when supporting individuals with a physical impairment include:
Mae nam corfforol yn gyfyngiad ar weithredu corfforol, symudedd, deheurwydd byseddu neu stamina person, ac mae yna amrywiaeth o bethau sy’n ei achosi.
Mae termau allweddol eraill a ddefnyddir wrth gefnogi unigolion â nam corfforol yn cynnwys:
Recognising the person rather than the disability or impairment involves a holistic approach to support, providing treatment to the individual as a whole and taking into account mental and social factors, rather than just the symptoms of their illness or impairment.
The use of holistic approaches to support can be helpful to individuals, enabling them to be viewed as individuals and not just be seen for their illness or condition. Holistic and person-centred approaches ensure that treatment and support are provided to the individual, their carers and their families. A holistic approach to treatment takes the individual and their life experiences and needs into consideration when planning assessment and treatment.
The need to focus on an individual’s strengths first will enable an individual’s confidence and self-esteem to be increased, which can then lead them to realising that what seemed as a difficult task is less daunting with their new found confidence.
Mae cydnabod y person yn hytrach na'r anabledd neu'r nam yn cynnwys defnyddio dull holistaidd o ran cymorth, sy'n darparu triniaeth i'r person yn ei gyfanrwydd, gan ystyried ffactorau meddyliol a chymdeithasol, yn hytrach na symptomau eu salwch neu eu nam yn unig.
Gall defnyddio dulliau holistaidd i gefnogi fod yn ddefnyddiol i unigolion, gan alluogi iddynt gael eu gweld fel unigolion ac nid am eu salwch neu gyflwr yn unig. Mae dulliau holistaidd a dulliau person ganolog yn sicrhau bod triniaeth a chymorth yn cael eu darparu i'r unigolyn, eu gofalwyr a'u teuluoedd. Mae dull holistaidd o ran triniaeth yn ystyried y person a'u profiadau bywyd a'u hanghenion wrth gynllunio asesu a thriniaeth.
Bydd yr angen hwn i ganolbwyntio ar gryfderau unigolyn yn gyntaf yn galluogi i hyder a hunan-barch unigolyn gynyddu, a gall hyn wneud iddynyt sylweddoli bod yr hyn oedd yn ymddangos fel tasg anodd yn llai brawychus gyda'u hyder newydd.
There are many ways in which physical impairments are diagnosed and caused. There are many treatments and a great deal of support available which are most effective.
There is still widespread stigma, fear and discrimination towards people with physical impairments, and a lot of misunderstanding about what different diagnoses mean and what the individual can still do or can’t do. Stigma is defined as a mark of shame associated with a circumstance or person. Receiving a diagnosis can often be a positive outcome as the individual might feel relieved that they can finally understand what the issue is. They can then discuss with their doctor what course of treatment might work best for them.
On the other hand, a diagnosis can have a negative impact on the individual. It can make them feel ‘labelled’ or ‘put in a box’ which may not fit what they think the issue is. A diagnosis could have negative connotations and in some cases, make the illness worse, for example by heightening anxiety. This can lead to the individual isolating themselves further. An individual might lose income, their job, their home and support from family due to lack of understanding, fear and stigma of mental illness.
Mae nifer o ffyrdd i roi diagnosis ac achosi namau corfforol. Mae nifer o driniaethau a llawer iawn o gymorth ar gael sydd fwyaf effeithiol.
Mae stigma, ofn a gwahaniaethu eang o hyd yn erbyn pobl â nam corfforol, a llawer o gamddealltwriaeth am yr hyn mae mathau gwahanol o ddiagnosis yn eu golygu a beth y gall y person ei wneud o hyd, a beth na fydd yn gallu ei wneud. Caiff stigma ei ddiffinio fel arwydd o gywilydd sy'n gysylltiedig ag amgylchiadau neu berson. Yn aml gall derbyn diagnosis fod yn ganlyniad cadarnhaol, gallai'r unigolyn deimlo rhyddhad eu bod o'r diwedd yn deall beth yw'r broblem. Gall hyn helpu iddynt drafod gyda'u meddyg teulu pa driniaeth fyddai'n gweithio orau iddyn nhw.
Ar y llaw arall, gall diagnosis gael effaith negyddol ar yr unigolyn. Gallai wneud iddyn nhw deimlo eu bod yn cael eu 'labelu' neu'n cael 'eu rhoi mewn bocs' ac efallai nad yw hyn yn cyd-fynd â'r hyn maen nhw'n credu yw'r broblem. Gallai diagnosis gael ystyron negyddol ac mewn rhai achosion, gwneud y salwch yn waeth wrth achosi rhagor o bryder i'r unigolyn. Gallai hyn arwain at yr unigolyn yn ynysu ei hun ymhellach. Gallai'r unigolyn golli incwm, eu swydd, eu cartref a chefnogaeth gan deulu oherwydd diffyg dealltwriaeth, ofn a stigma am salwch meddwl.