Subsistence: physical and mental health, well-being, food, shelter and work

Cynhaliaeth: iechyd corfforol a meddyliol, llesiant, bwyd, lloches a gwaith

Family home from sh

This may refer to:

  • physical and mental health
  • food
  • water
  • shelter
  • work
  • clothes
  • living environment
  • sleep.

Subsistence needs include things like air, food, water, a healthy temperature, shelter, warmth, sleep, entertainment and leisure. When these elements are not present, the physical and mental health of an individual may not be maintained.

Food – the body needs a healthy, balanced diet that includes carbohydrates, protein and fat to function. Water is needed to allow the body to function. Without water, the body cannot process food or remove waste.

Shelter – the body needs protection from extreme heat, cold, rain and wind. If there is no shelter, the body can be damaged by extreme temperatures. Sleep is necessary for the body to repair itself and process new information.

Gall hyn gyfeirio at:

  • iechyd corfforol ac iechyd meddwl
  • bwyd
  • dŵr
  • lloches
  • gwaith
  • dillad
  • amgylchedd byw
  • cwsg.

Mae anghenion cynhaliaeth yn cynnwys pethau fel aer, bwyd, dŵr, tymheredd iach, lloches, gwres, cwsg, adloniant a hamdden. Pan nad yw'r elfennau hyn yno, efallai na fydd iechyd corfforol ac iechyd meddwl unigolyn yn cael eu cynnal.

Bwyd – mae angen deiet iach, cytbwys sy'n cynnwys carbohydradau, protein a braster ar y corff i weithio. Mae angen dŵr er mwyn i'r corff weithio. Heb ddŵr, dydy'r corff ddim yn gallu prosesu bwyd neu gael gwared ar wastraff.

Lloches – mae angen diogelwch ar y corff rhag gwres eithafol, oerfel, glaw a gwynt. Os nad oes lloches, mae tymereddau eithafol yn gallu niweidio'r corff. Mae angen cwsg ar y corff i'w atgyweirio ei hun ac i brosesu gwybodaeth newydd.

Subsistence: food

Cynhaliaeth: bwyd

Healthy

Nutrition and hydration

A diet that does not include the right balance of all of the nutrients needed to allow the body to function properly may lead to ill-health.

The ‘eatwell guide’ is the model used widely in the UK to show a recommended healthy diet and is suitable for most groups of individuals. It shows the five main food groups and the proportion that each food group should contribute to a healthy, balanced diet.

The food groups include:

  • Fruit and vegetables – these are a good source of vitamin and fibre. Vitamins support many different functions, including blood clotting, maintaining an effective immune system, and allowing the body to absorb energy from foods. Fibre helps to remove waste products from the body.
  • Bread, rice, potatoes, pasta and other starchy foods – these are high in carbohydrates which provide most of the energy that the body needs. Wholemeal versions of bread, pasta and rice are also high in fibre.
  • Meat, fish, eggs, beans and other non-dairy sources of protein – these help the body’s cells repair and replace themselves.
  • Milk and dairy foods – these are high in calcium which helps build healthy teeth and bones.
  • Foods and drinks that are high in fat and/or sugar – these should be avoided as much as possible as they provide little nutritional value and can cause health issues such as obesity.

https://bit.ly/2ydvUE6

Fluid

Without enough fluid, the body cannot carry out basic processes that enable it to function correctly, such as:

  • digesting food and enabling nutrients to be absorbed
  • enabling blood to circulate around the body
  • removing waste products via urine and faeces
  • keeping cells and tissues moist
  • helping to avoid infection
  • controlling body temperature by perspiration
  • maintaining brain function.

Maeth a hydradu

Mae'n bosibl i ddeiet achosi afiechyd os nad yw'n cynnwys y cydbwysedd cywir o'r holl faetholion sydd eu hangen i'r corff allu gweithio'n iawn.

‘Canllaw bwyta'n dda’ yw'r model sy'n cael ei ddefnyddio'n gyffredin yn y DU i ddangos deiet iach cymeradwy ac mae'n addas i'r rhan fwyaf o grwpiau o unigolion. Mae'n dangos y pum prif grŵp bwyd a'r gyfran y dylai pob grŵp bwyd ei chyfrannu i ddeiet cytbwys, iach.

Mae'r grwpiau bwyd yn cynnwys:

  • Ffrwythau a llysiau – mae'r rhain yn ffynhonnell dda o fitaminau a ffibr. Mae fitaminau'n cynorthwyo llawer o wahanol swyddogaethau, gan gynnwys tolchennu gwaed, cynnal system imiwnedd effeithiol, a galluogi'r corff i amsugno ynni o fwydydd. Mae ffibr yn helpu i gael gwared ar gynnyrch gwastraff o'r corff.
  • Bara, reis, tatws, pasta a bwydydd startsh eraill – mae'r rhain yn uchel mewn carbohydradau sy'n rhoi'r rhan fwyaf o'r ynni sydd ei angen ar y corff. Mae fersiynau cyflawn o fara, pasta a reis yn uchel mewn ffibr hefyd.
  • Cig, pysgod, wyau, ffa a ffynonellau protein eraill nad ydyn nhw'n fwydydd llaeth – mae'r rhain yn helpu celloedd y corff i’w hatgyweirio a’u disodli eu hunain.
  • Llaeth a bwydydd llaeth – mae'r rhain yn uchel mewn calsiwm sy'n helpu i adeiladu dannedd ac esgyrn iach.
  • Bwydydd a diodydd sy'n uchel mewn braster a/neu siwgr – dylid osgoi'r rhain gymaint â phosibl gan mai ychydig o werth maeth maen nhw'n ei gynnig a gallan nhw achosi problemau iechyd fel gordewdra.

https://bit.ly/2ydvUE6

Hylif

Heb ddigon o hylif, dydy'r corff ddim yn gallu gweithredu prosesau sylfaenol er mwyn gallu gweithio'n gywir, fel:

  • treulio bwyd a galluogi maetholion i gael eu hamsugno
  • galluogi gwaed i gylchredeg o gwmpas y corff
  • cael gwared ar gynnyrch gwastraff drwy droeth ac ymgarthion
  • cadw celloedd a meinweoedd yn llaith
  • helpu i osgoi haint
  • rheoli tymheredd y corff drwy chwysu
  • cynnal swyddogaeth yr ymennydd.

Subsistence: sleep

Cynhaliaeth: cwsg

Man

Adequate rest and sleep

Sleep is as important to health as eating, drinking and breathing.

It allows the body to repair itself and the brain to consolidate memories and process information.

Poor sleep is linked to physical problems, such as a weakened immune system and mental health problems, such as anxiety and depression.

“The quality of sleep can be improved through steps such as adjusting the light, noise and temperature in the bedroom and changing eating, drinking and exercise routines.”

Source: Mental Health Foundation

Further reading: https://bit.ly/2vPoTbA

Digon o orffwys a chwsg

Mae cwsg mor bwysig i iechyd ag y mae bwyta, yfed ac anadlu.

Mae'n galluogi'r corff i’w atgyweirio'i hun ac yn galluogi'r ymennydd i gadarnhau atgofion a phrosesu gwybodaeth.

Mae cwsg gwael yn gysylltiedig â phroblemau corfforol, fel system imiwnedd wedi'i gwanhau a phroblemau iechyd meddwl, fel pryder ac iselder.

“Mae'n bosibl gwella ansawdd cwsg drwy gamau fel addasu'r golau, y sŵn a'r tymheredd yn yr ystafell wely a newid arferion bwyta, yfed ac ymarfer.”

Ffynhonnell: Sefydliad Iechyd Meddwl

Darllen pellach: https://bit.ly/2vPoTbA

Subsistence: physical and mental health: well-being, food, shelter, work

Cynhaliaeth: iechyd corfforol ac iechyd meddwl: llesiant, bwyd, lloches, gwaith

True or false, the below are fundamental human needs of subsistence?

Cywir neu anghywir, ydy'r isod yn anghenion dynol sylfaenol o ran cynhaliaeth?

Penalty total: Cyfanswm cosbau:

Your time: Eich amser: 00:00:00

The current record is: Yr amser gorau: 00:00:00

Well done! Da iawn!

You've set a new record! Record newydd!

Your time: Eich amser: 00:00:00

Total time penalty: Cyfanswm amser cosb: 00:00:00

The correct answers were: Yr atebion cywir: