Family

Teulu

Family

Family can have a positive effect on growth and development. Families protect and keep their children healthy. They can also show us companionship and support. However, there are a lot of changes that families can go through, such as a birth of a new family member, family members leaving home, marriage, starting a family, divorce or the loss of a family member. These changes can have positive or negative impacts on individuals’ health and well-being.

Gall teulu gael effaith gadarnhaol ar dwf a datblygiad. Mae teuluoedd yn amddiffyn ac yn cadw eu plant yn iach. Hefyd, gallant ddangos cwmnïaeth a chefnogaeth i ni. Fodd bynnag, mae llawer o newidiadau y gall teuluoedd fynd trwyddynt, megis genedigaeth aelod newydd o'r teulu, aelodau o'r teulu yn gadael y cartref, priodas, cychwyn teulu, ysgariad neu golli aelod o'r teulu. Gall y newidiadau hyn gael effeithiau cadarnhaol neu negyddol ar iechyd a llesiant unigolion.

Divorce

Ysgariad

A lonely child

Simon is 6 years old and his parents have decided to divorce. Consider how Simon’s health and well-being may be impacted upon. Remember to consider the physical, intellectual, emotional and social effects this may have on Simon’s health and well-being.

Physical

Simon’s primary caregiver may be having difficulties accepting the divorce and may be unintentionally neglecting Simon’s needs. This could have an impact on Simon’s physical development if he is not receiving the appropriate nutrition from his meals if his primary caregiver is not cooking meals at home. If Simon is receiving a lack of nutrients, this could impact his physical development.

There may a negative impact on the development of Simon’s gross motor skills if his parents are no longer available to help him learn to ride a bike, for example. This could also have an impact on the development of his social skills if he cannot ride a bike with his friends later in life. However, as his parents are now separated, they may have more time to spend with him and Simon may be able to routinely learn to ride a bike with one parent, which would greatly improve his gross motor skills.

As both of Simon’s parents may want to make him feel loved as they are aware of the impact their divorce may have on Simon, they may feel the need to treat him with unhealthy treats, such as sweets or fast food. This increase in unhealthy treats may affect Simon’s dental hygiene plus his weight may increase, which will have an impact on his physical development.

Healthfully (2017) advise that if a child is having difficulty sleeping and now has a disturbed sleeping pattern, then they should spend the night with the parent they have the closest attachment to in order to encourage a more settled sleep pattern.

The Joseph Rowntree Foundation (1998) summarises that children of divorced parents have a higher probability of being in poverty and poor housing, have behavioural problems, perform less well in school and have depressive symptoms. They report that children of separated families are more likely to be admitted to hospital following accidents, report more health problems and visit their family doctor more often.

Intellectual

If Simon has had trouble sleeping throughout his parent’s divorce due to increased anxiety or his parent’s arguing, he may have developed an irregular sleeping pattern. He may now have decreased concentration at school. Also, if it is just one parent’s responsibility to ensure Simon gets to school on time and that parent may be struggling with being a single parent, this may impact Simon’s attendance and punctuality in school. Simon’s intellectual development may be impacted if he is missing out on his education. As the primary caregiver may now receive less money, this may impact Simon if he was receiving additional support with his school work, for example, extra Mathematics lessons. This would have an impact on his intellectual development in a specific subject.

However, a positive impact could be that the primary caregiver may have more time to spend with Simon at bedtime and may encourage him to read a story before bed or could improve his fine motor skills by having time to colour with Simon. Also, the primary caregiver may not be as stressed and anxious now both parents are separated, they may be able to spend more time doing homework with Simon, which will have a positive impact on his intellectual development.

As Simon’s parents now live in separate houses, Simon may now experience a more peaceful household and may benefit from more sleep. This may improve his concentration in school and his attendance.

Emotional

Simon may experience anxiety in relation to his parents’ divorce as children are particularly vulnerable to emotional trauma (How to Adult, 2017). This may impact how he interacts with both of his parents and his wider family.

The negative impact could be that Simon develops an unhealthy idea about what adult relationships are and the role of parenting. Healthfully (2017) states that if a child’s parents divorce between the ages of 3-7 then the child may feel responsible for the divorce. This could lead to anger and aggression in the child and Simon could revert to baby-like behaviours, such as thumb sucking. Simon may also feel grief, embarrassment and divided loyalty.

If Simon has had a choice regarding which parent to live with, he may feel guilty toward the parent he chose not to live with. It is important for both parents to ensure Simon’s well-being is considered regarding any decisions they make which will have a direct impact on his overall needs.

There may be a positive impact on Simon’s emotional development as he may be more aware of the importance of discussing difficulties with family members. He may also develop a more open and honest relationship with his primary caregiver.

It is important for both parents to answer Simon’s questions regarding his parents’ relationship and divorce openly and honestly. It may be beneficial to consult Simon’s school to inform them of the situation in order for them to monitor Simon’s behaviour and any impact of his emotional well-being.

Social

There is still a great amount of social stigma attached to divorce as it is assumed that children of divorced parents are poorer. However, if the main care giver is receiving the correct level of financial support from the other parent and social security then there may be no difference in the finances received in the home. Therefore, Simon may still be able to maintain his social network and any extracurricular activities he attends.

However, his parent’s divorce may have an impact on Simon’s friendship network. As his parents may no longer be able to afford for him to attend after school activities, he may no longer have the same friends. This could, however, encourage Simon to develop friendships with other children in a different social network, which may have a positive impact on him.

To conclude, in order for Simon to be in a nurturing, loving environment, it is important for both parents to provide plenty of one-to-one attention, maintain Simon’s usual routine and reassure him that he is not responsible for the divorce. Simon’s development is greatly impacted by how well each parent copes with the divorce and their psychological recovery, how respectful they are of each other and the care and support they provide to Simon.

References

Healthfully. June 2017. The Effect of Divorce on Early Childhood Development. Online. Accessed on 11 Dec 2018. Available from: https://healthfully.com/178423-the-effect-of-divorce-on-early-childhood-development.html

How to Adult. September 2017. The Effect of Divorce on Early Childhood Development. Online. Accessed on 11 Dec 2018. Available from: https://howtoadult.com/effect-divorce-early-childhood-development-13072.html

Joseph Rowntree Foundation. June 1998. Divorce and Separation: The Outcomes for Children. Online. Accessed on 11 Dec 2018. Available from: https://www.jrf.org.uk/report/divorce-and-separation-outcomes-children

Mae Simon yn 6 oed ac mae ei rieni wedi penderfynu ysgaru. Ystyriwch sut y gallai hyn effeithio ar iechyd a llesiant Simon. Cofiwch ystyried yr effeithiau corfforol, deallusol, emosiynol a chymdeithasol y gallai hyn eu cael ar iechyd a llesiant Simon.

Corfforol

Efallai fod prif ofalwr Simon yn cael anawsterau ynghylch derbyn yr ysgariad ac efallai ei fod yn esgeuluso anghenion Simon yn anfwriadol. Gallai hyn gael effaith ar ddatblygiad corfforol Simon os nad yw’n derbyn y maeth priodol o’i brydau bwyd os nad yw ei brif ofalwr yn coginio prydau yn y cartref. Os nad yw Simon yn derbyn digon o faetholion, gallai hyn effeithio ar ei ddatblygiad corfforol.

Efallai y bydd effaith negyddol ar ddatblygiad sgiliau echddygol bras Simon os nad yw ei rieni ar gael bellach i’w helpu i ddysgu reidio beic, er enghraifft. Gallai hyn hefyd gael effaith ar ddatblygiad ei sgiliau cymdeithasol os na all reidio beic gyda'i ffrindiau yn ddiweddarach mewn bywyd. Fodd bynnag, gan fod ei rieni bellach wedi gwahanu, efallai y bydd ganddynt fwy o amser i'w dreulio gydag ef ac efallai y bydd Simon yn gallu dysgu reidio beic gydag un rhiant fel mater o drefn, a fyddai'n gwella ei sgiliau echddygol bras yn fawr.

Gan y gallai’r ddau o rieni Simon fod am wneud iddo deimlo ei fod yn cael ei garu gan eu bod yn ymwybodol o’r effaith y gall eu hysgariad ei chael ar Simon, efallai y byddant yn teimlo’r angen i’w drin â bwydydd aniach, megis losin neu fwyd cyflym. Gallai'r cynnydd hwn mewn danteithion aniach effeithio ar hylendid deintyddol Simon ynghyd â'r ffaith y gallai ei bwysau gynyddu, a fydd yn cael effaith ar ei ddatblygiad corfforol.

Mae Healthfully (2017) yn cynghori, os yw plentyn yn cael anawsterau cysgu a bellach bod ganddo batrwm cysgu aflonydd, yna dylent dreulio'r nos gyda'r rhiant y mae ganddo'r ymlyniad agosaf ato/ati er mwyn annog patrwm cysgu mwy sefydlog.

Mae Sefydliad Joseph Rowntree (1998) yn crynhoi bod plant o rieni sydd wedi ysgaru yn fwy tebygol o fod mewn tlodi a thai gwael, bod ganddynt broblemau ymddygiadol, nad ydynt yn perfformio cystal yn yr ysgol a bod ganddynt symptomau o iselder. Maent yn adrodd bod plant o deuluoedd sydd wedi gwahanu yn fwy tebygol o gael eu derbyn i'r ysbyty yn dilyn damweiniau, maent yn adrodd am fwy o broblemau iechyd ac yn ymweld â'u meddyg teulu yn amlach.

Deallusol

Os yw Simon wedi cael trafferth i gysgu trwy gydol ysgariad ei rieni oherwydd gorbryder cynyddol neu oherwydd bod ei rieni'n dadlau, efallai ei fod wedi datblygu patrwm cysgu afreolaidd. Erbyn hyn efallai nad yw'n gallu canolbwyntio mor dda yn yr ysgol. Hefyd, os mai cyfrifoldeb un rhiant yn unig yw sicrhau bod Simon yn cyrraedd yr ysgol mewn pryd ac efallai fod y rhiant hwnnw yn ei gael yn anodd bod yn rhiant sengl, gallai hyn effeithio ar bresenoldeb a phrydlondeb Simon yn yr ysgol. Efallai y bydd datblygiad deallusol Simon yn cael ei effeithio os yw’n colli allan ar ei addysg. Gan y gallai'r prif ddarparwr gofal dderbyn llai o arian bellach, gallai hyn effeithio ar Simon os oedd yn derbyn cefnogaeth ychwanegol â'i waith ysgol, er enghraifft, gwersi Mathemateg ychwanegol. Byddai hyn yn cael effaith ar ei ddatblygiad deallusol mewn pwnc penodol.

Fodd bynnag, efallai mai effaith gadarnhaol fyddai y gallai fod gan y prif ofalwr fwy o amser i'w dreulio gyda Simon yn ystod amser gwely ac y gallai ei annog i ddarllen stori cyn mynd i'r gwely neu gallai wella ei sgiliau echddygol manwl trwy gael amser i liwio gyda Simon. Hefyd, efallai na fydd y prif ddarparwr gofal dan gymaint o straen ac mor orbryderus nawr bod y ddau riant wedi gwahanu, efallai y gallent dreulio mwy o amser yn gwneud gwaith cartref gyda Simon, a fydd yn cael effaith gadarnhaol ar ei ddatblygiad deallusol.

Gan fod rhieni Simon bellach yn byw mewn tai ar wahân, efallai y bydd Simon bellach yn profi cartref mwy heddychlon ac efallai y byddai'n elwa o fwy o gwsg. Gallai hyn wella ei allu i ganolbwyntio yn yr ysgol a'i bresenoldeb.

Emosiynol

Efallai y bydd Simon yn profi gorbryder mewn cysylltiad ag ysgariad ei rieni gan fod plant yn arbennig o agored i drawma emosiynol (How to Adult, 2017). Gallai hyn effeithio ar y modd mae'n rhyngweithio â'i rieni a'i deulu ehangach.

Efallai mai'r effaith negyddol fyddai bod Simon yn datblygu syniad aniach ynghylch beth yw perthnasoedd rhwng oedolion a rôl magu plant. Mae Healthfully (2017) yn nodi, os yw rhieni plentyn yn ysgaru rhwng 3-7 oed yna gallai'r plentyn deimlo'n gyfrifol am yr ysgariad. Gallai hyn arwain at ddicter ac ymddygiad ymosodol yn y plentyn a gallai Simon ddychwelyd i ymddygiadau sy'n debyg i fabanod, megis sugno bawd. Efallai y bydd Simon hefyd yn teimlo galar, embaras a theyrngarwch rhanedig.

Os yw Simon wedi cael dewis ynghylch pa riant i fyw gydag ef/hi, gallai deimlo'n euog tuag at y rhiant y dewisodd beidio â byw gydag ef/hi. Mae'n bwysig i'r ddau riant sicrhau bod llesiant Simon yn cael ei ystyried ynghylch unrhyw benderfyniadau a wnânt a fydd yn cael effaith uniongyrchol ar ei anghenion cyffredinol.

Efallai y bydd effaith gadarnhaol ar ddatblygiad emosiynol Simon oherwydd efallai ei fod yn fwy ymwybodol o bwysigrwydd trafod anawsterau ag aelodau'r teulu. Efallai y bydd hefyd yn datblygu perthynas fwy agored a gonest gyda'i brif ddarparwr gofal.

Mae’n bwysig i’r ddau riant ateb cwestiynau Simon ynghylch perthynas ac ysgariad ei rieni yn agored ac yn onest. Efallai y byddai’n fuddiol ymgynghori ag ysgol Simon i roi gwybod iddynt am y sefyllfa er mwyn iddynt fonitro ymddygiad Simon ac unrhyw effaith ar ei lesiant emosiynol.

Cymdeithasol

Mae llawer iawn o stigma cymdeithasol o hyd ynghlwm wrth ysgariad gan y tybir bod plant rhieni sydd wedi ysgaru yn dlotach. Fodd bynnag, os yw'r prif ddarparwr gofal yn derbyn y lefel gywir o gymorth ariannol gan y rhiant arall a nawdd cymdeithasol yna efallai na fydd gwahaniaeth yn y cyllid a dderbynnir yn y cartref. Felly, efallai y bydd Simon yn dal i allu cynnal ei rwydwaith cymdeithasol ac unrhyw weithgareddau allgyrsiol mae'n eu mynychu.

Fodd bynnag, gallai ysgariad ei rieni gael effaith ar rwydwaith cyfeillgarwch Simon. Oherwydd efallai na fydd ei rieni bellach yn gallu fforddio iddo fynychu gweithgareddau ar ôl ysgol, efallai na fydd ganddo'r un ffrindiau mwyach. Fodd bynnag, gallai hyn annog Simon i ddatblygu cyfeillgarwch â phlant eraill mewn rhwydwaith cymdeithasol gwahanol, a allai gael effaith gadarnhaol arno.

I gloi, er mwyn i Simon fod mewn amgylchedd maethlon, cariadus, mae'n bwysig i'r ddau riant roi digon o sylw un wrth un, cynnal trefn arferol Simon a sicrhau ei fod yn deall nad yw'n gyfrifol am yr ysgariad. Effeithir yn fawr ar ddatblygiad Simon gan ba mor dda mae pob rhiant yn ymdopi â'r ysgariad a'u hadferiad seicolegol, pa mor barchus ydynt tuag at ei gilydd a'r gofal a'r gefnogaeth maent yn eu darparu i Simon.

Cyfeiriadau

Healthfully. Mehefin 2017. The Effect of Divorce on Early Childhood Development Ar y we. Cyrchwyd ar 11 Rhagfyr 2018. Ar gael o: https://healthfully.com/178423-the-effect-of-divorce-on-early-childhood-development.html

How to Adult. Medi 2017. The Effect of Divorce on Early Childhood Development. Ar y we. Cyrchwyd ar 11 Rhagfyr 2018. Ar gael o: https://howtoadult.com/effect-divorce-early-childhood-development-13072.html

Sefydliad Joseph Rowntree. Mehefin 1998. Divorce and separation: The Outcomes for Children. Ar y we. Cyrchwyd ar 11 Rhagfyr 2018. Ar gael o: https://www.jrf.org.uk/report/divorce-and-separation-outcomes-children

Retirement

Ymddeoliad

A senior citizen

George is nearing retirement age, and next month he will retire from his senior position he has had for 35 years. George is a father and is worried about the positive and negative impact that retirement will have on him and his family. Consider George’s case study and the potential positive and negative impact this may have on his health and well-being. Remember to consider the physical, intellectual, emotional and social effects this may have on George.

Physical

When George retires, he may no longer be as physically active due to the routine his job offered him. The BBC (2013) report that retirement increases the likelihood of having at least one diagnosed physical illness by 60%. This may be due to there being no need to get up in the morning and leave the house.

Age UK is aware of the importance of keeping physically active as a person gets older and ran a 5-year programme called Fit as a Fiddle. This programme championed physical activity, healthy eating and mental well-being for older people. Physical activity included exercise classes and they reported positive outcomes of the programme and found that individuals sustained this new way of life into retirement. A positive impact upon George’s physical development may be that he experiences reduced levels of stress as he is no longer working. He may also have more time to exercise and go walking, which would positively impact his physical development. If George can maintain or increase his activity levels then he will potentially reduce his risk of getting heart disease, diabetes and cancer.

Intellectual

Once George is retired, he may no longer be intellectually stimulated and working may have protected George against cognitive decline. The Telegraph (2018) reports that new research shows that brain function rapidly declines as soon as people retire and that a lack of regular stimulation takes a heavy toll on cognitive function and speeds up memory loss and dementia.

As George will have more time to take up new hobbies, such as reading, learning a language, doing puzzles and crosswords, this will help reduce memory loss. Going to the library and reading new books will allow George the opportunity to improve his intellectual development. He may also have more time to travel and experience new cultures, which will positively impact his intellectual development.

Emotional

Once George has retired, he may feel lonely, isolated and not as useful as he did when he was working. He may also experience depression which can be triggered by a significant life change, such as retirement (Age UK, 2018). To prevent the negative emotional impact on George, Age UK (2018) provide advice and support for people to emotionally prepare themselves for retirement by taking responsibility for this change and how to spend the free time.

A positive impact on George could be that he has more time to spend with his spouse and family. He may also be less stressed from work. As George may have been based in an office environment for 35 years, the ability to experience fresh air every day whilst walking is extremely beneficial. He may also have more time to volunteer, which will make George feel he is still able to contribute to his community and society.

Social

If George’s social life was directly linked to work for example, if he was a member of a cycling club then he may no longer be part of that group once he retires, which will impact upon him socially. This may lead to George feeling increasingly lonely and isolated.

George’s pension, and therefore his financial status, may impact upon his social development. If George doesn't have a very good pension, then he may have a reduced standard of living. If he does have less money per month then he may be unable to continue to enjoy his social life. However, if George has a good pension and a good, stable income especially if his mortgage has been paid off then he will have more financial freedom and be able to socialise more. He may be able to join clubs and volunteer, which will positively impact his social development.

References

Age UK. No date. Fit as a fiddle. Online. Accessed on: 01 Feb 2019. Available from: https://www.ageuk.org.uk/our-impact/programmes/faaf/

Age UK. October 2018. Depression and anxiety. Online. Accessed on: 01 Feb 2019. Available from: https://www.ageuk.org.uk/information-advice/health-wellbeing/conditions-illnesses/depression-anxiety/

Age UK. October 2018. Preparing emotionally for retirement. Online. Accessed on: 01 Feb 2019. Available from: https://www.ageuk.org.uk/information-advice/work-learning/retirement/preparing-emotionally-for-retirement/

BBC. May 2013. Why retirement can be bad for your health. Online. Accessed on: 01 Feb 2019. Available from: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-22553577

The Telegraph. January 2018. Retirement causes brain function to rapidly decline, warn scientists. Online. Accessed on: 01 Feb 2019. Available from: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/2018/01/22/retirement-causes-brain-function-rapidly-decline-warn-scientists/

Mae George yn agosáu at oedran ymddeol, a’r mis nesaf bydd yn ymddeol o’i swydd uwch y mae wedi’i chael ers 35 mlynedd. Mae George yn dad ac mae'n poeni am yr effaith gadarnhaol a negyddol y bydd ymddeol yn ei chael arno ef a'i deulu. Ystyriwch astudiaeth achos George a’r effaith gadarnhaol a negyddol bosibl y gallai hyn ei chael ar ei iechyd a'i lesiant. Cofiwch ystyried yr effeithiau corfforol, deallusol, emosiynol a chymdeithasol y gallai hyn eu cael ar George.

Corfforol

Pan fydd George yn ymddeol, efallai na fydd bellach mor weithgar yn gorfforol oherwydd y drefn roedd ei swydd yn ei gynnig iddo. Mae'r BBC (2013) yn adrodd bod ymddeol yn cynyddu'r tebygolrwydd o gael o leiaf un salwch corfforol o 60%. Gallai hyn fod oherwydd nad oes angen codi yn y bore a gadael y tŷ.

Mae Age UK yn ymwybodol o bwysigrwydd cadw'n gorfforol weithgar wrth i berson heneiddio ac fe wnaethant redeg rhaglen 5 mlynedd o'r enw Fit as a Fiddle. Roedd y rhaglen hon yn hyrwyddo gweithgarwch corfforol, bwyta'n iach a llesiant meddyliol i bobl hŷn. Roedd gweithgarwch corfforol yn cynnwys dosbarthiadau ymarfer corff ac fe wnaethant adrodd ar ganlyniadau cadarnhaol y rhaglen gan ganfod bod unigolion yn cynnal y ffordd newydd hon o fyw ar ôl ymddeol. Efallai mai effaith gadarnhaol ar ddatblygiad corfforol George fyddai ei fod yn profi lefelau is o straen gan nad yw'n gweithio mwyach. Efallai y bydd ganddo hefyd fwy o amser i wneud ymarfer corff a mynd am dro, a fyddai'n cael effaith gadarnhaol ar ei ddatblygiad corfforol. Os gall George gynnal neu gynyddu ei lefelau gweithgarwch yna bydd o bosibl yn lleihau ei risg o gael clefyd y galon, diabetes a chanser.

Deallusol

Ar ôl i George ymddeol, efallai na fydd yn cael ei ysgogi'n ddeallusol mwyach ac efallai y bydd gweithio wedi amddiffyn George rhag dirywiad gwybyddol. Mae'r Telegraph (2018) yn adrodd bod ymchwil newydd yn dangos bod swyddwaith yr ymennydd yn dirywio'n gyflym cyn gynted ag y bydd pobl yn ymddeol a bod diffyg ysgogiad rheolaidd yn cael effaith fawr ar swyddogaeth wybyddol ac yn cyflymu colli cof a dementia.

Gan y bydd gan George fwy o amser i ymgymryd â hobïau newydd, megis darllen, dysgu iaith, gwneud posau a chroeseiriau, bydd hyn yn helpu i leihau colli cof. Bydd mynd i'r llyfrgell a darllen llyfrau newydd yn rhoi cyfle i George wella ei ddatblygiad deallusol. Efallai y bydd ganddo hefyd fwy o amser i deithio a phrofi diwylliannau newydd, a fydd yn cael effaith gadarnhaol ar ei ddatblygiad deallusol.

Emosiynol

Ar ôl i George ymddeol, efallai y bydd yn teimlo'n unig ac yn ynysig heb deimlo mor ddefnyddiol ag yr oedd pan oedd yn gweithio. Efallai y bydd hefyd yn profi iselder a all gael ei sbarduno gan newid sylweddol mewn bywyd, megis ymddeol (Age UK, 2018). Er mwyn atal yr effaith emosiynol negyddol ar George, mae Age UK (2018) yn darparu cyngor a chymorth i bobl eu paratoi eu hunain yn emosiynol ar gyfer ymddeol trwy gymryd cyfrifoldeb am y newid hwn a sut i dreulio'r amser rhydd.

Efallai mai effaith gadarnhaol ar George fyddai bod ganddo fwy o amser i'w dreulio gyda'i briod a'i deulu. Efallai y bydd hefyd dan lai o straen oherwydd y gwaith. Gan ei fod yn bosibl bod George wedi'i leoli mewn amgylchedd swyddfa ers 35 mlynedd, byddai'r gallu i fod yn yr awyr iach bob dydd wrth gerdded yn hynod fuddiol. Hefyd, efallai y bydd ganddo fwy o amser i wirfoddoli, a fydd yn gwneud i George deimlo ei fod yn dal i allu cyfrannu at ei gymuned a chymdeithas.

Cymdeithasol

Os oedd bywyd cymdeithasol George wedi'i gysylltu'n uniongyrchol â gwaith, er enghraifft os oedd yn aelod o glwb beicio, yna efallai na fydd yn rhan o'r grŵp hwnnw mwyach ar ôl iddo ymddeol, a fydd yn effeithio arno'n gymdeithasol. Gallai hyn olygu y bydd George yn teimlo'n fwyfwy unig ac ynysig.

Gallai pensiwn George, ac felly ei statws ariannol, effeithio ar ei ddatblygiad cymdeithasol. Os nad oes gan George bensiwn da iawn, yna efallai y bydd ganddo safon byw is. Os oes ganddo lai o arian y mis yna efallai na fydd yn gallu parhau i fwynhau ei fywyd cymdeithasol. Fodd bynnag, os oes gan George bensiwn da ac incwm da, sefydlog, yn enwedig os yw ei forgais wedi'i dalu, yna bydd ganddo fwy o ryddid ariannol a bydd yn gallu cymdeithasu mwy. Efallai y bydd yn gallu ymuno â chlybiau a gwirfoddoli, a fydd yn cael effaith gadarnhaol ar ei ddatblygiad cymdeithasol.

Cyfeiriadau

Age UK. Dim dyddiad. Fit as a fiddle. Ar y we. Cyrchwyd ar: 01 Chwefror 2019. Ar gael o: https://www.ageuk.org.uk/our-impact/programmes/faaf/

Age UK. Hydref 2018. Depression and anxiety. Ar y we. Cyrchwyd ar: 01 Chwefror 2019. Ar gael o: https://www.ageuk.org.uk/information-advice/health-wellbeing/conditions-illnesses/depression-anxiety/

Age UK. Hydref 2018. Preparing emotionally for retirement. Ar y we. Cyrchwyd ar: 01 Chwefror 2019. Ar gael o: https://www.ageuk.org.uk/information-advice/work-learning/retirement/preparing-emotionally-for-retirement/

BBC. Mai 2013. Why retirement can be bad for your health. Ar y we. Cyrchwyd ar: 01 Chwefror 2019. Ar gael o: www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-22553577

The Telegraph. Ionawr 2018. Retirement causes brain function to rapidly decline, warn scientists. Ar y we. Cyrchwyd ar: 01 Chwefror 2019. Ar gael o: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/2018/01/22/retirement-causes-brain-function-rapidly-decline-warn-scientists/

Death/bereavement

Marwolaeth/profedigaeth

A middle aged woman

An unpredictable life event has happened to Hilda as her husband has unexpectedly died. Consider how the death of Hilda’s husband may impact upon the health and well-being of Hilda’s family. Remember you need to consider the positive and negative impacts this may have on Hilda and her family’s health and well-being. Remember to consider the physical, intellectual, emotional and social effect this may have on Hilda’s health and well-being.

Physical

Marie Curie (2019) explain the common physical symptoms associated with bereavement as tightness in the chest, difficulty breathing, a lack of energy, finding it difficult to sleep, and aches and pains. Hilda may have trouble sleeping if she is used to having her husband sleeping by her side, so her husband’s death can have a negative impact on her physical development. Hilda may experience a lack in appetite and may lose weight which, in turn, may make her feel weaker.

A positive impact upon Hilda’s physical development is that if she was her husband’s main carer, she may not have been able to leave him on his own but now he has died, she may now be able to go out walking and improve her physical health.

Intellectual

Hilda’s concentration may be affected as a result of the grief for her husband so she may be unable to focus, which will have a negative impact on her intellectual development. She may no longer visit her local library so will not be reading new books and therefore her intellectual development will be negatively affected.

Hilda may feel she needs to embrace her new life and join clubs to fill her time. She may want to learn new skills, such as computing skills, or have more time to visit her local library.

Emotional

Grief is a common response to bereavement and affects different people in different ways. Hilda may feel isolated after her husband’s death and may feel depressed. She may feel anxious, guilty or resentful. If Hilda feels isolated in her grief, she may withdraw from society and may be unable to reach out to loved ones.

A positive impact on Hilda’s emotional development is that if her husband was ill for a long time before his death, she may now feel relieved he is no longer in pain. She may feel calmer if there are no more healthcare professionals in her home or happier that she no longer has to visit a hospital or nursing home.

Social

As Hilda has just lost her husband, she may feel isolated and depressed and may not want to see visitors. If she continually refuses to see people, she may lose her social network. Hilda and her husband may have been part of a group or club and now that he has died, she may not feel welcome or comfortable to attend without him. Her husband’s death may negatively impact upon her social development.

A positive impact on Hilda’s social development is that she may attend bereavement counselling to discuss the impact of her husband’s death and may develop a new social network who understand the grieving process. If Hilda was her husband’s main carer then she may now have time to socialise more and attend more groups and clubs.

According to the Holmes-Rahe Social Readjustment Rating Scale, Hilda has a moderate to high chance of becoming ill in the near future as her spouse has died; there is a change in financial state, change in living conditions, change in recreational activities and potential change in social activities.

References

Age UK. No date. Fit as a fiddle. Online. Accessed on: 01 Feb 2019. Available from: https://www.ageuk.org.uk/our-impact/programmes/faaf/

Age UK. October 2018. Depression and anxiety. Online. Accessed on: 01 Feb 2019. Available from: https://www.ageuk.org.uk/information-advice/health-wellbeing/conditions-illnesses/depression-anxiety

Age UK. October 2018. Preparing emotionally for retirement. Online. Accessed on: 01 Feb 2019. Available from: https://www.ageuk.org.uk/information-advice/work-learning/retirement/preparing-emotionally-for-retirement/

BBC. May 2013. Why retirement can be bad for your health. Online. Accessed on: 01 Feb 2019. Available from: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-22553577

Marie Curie. March 2019. Physical symptoms of grief. Online. Accessed on 08 May 2019. Available from: https://www.mariecurie.org.uk/help/support/bereaved-family-friends/dealing-grief/physical-symptoms-grief

NHS. September 2018. Overview: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Online. Accessed on 08 May 2019. Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/post-traumatic-stress-disorder-ptsd/

The Telegraph. January 2018. Retirement causes brain function to rapidly decline, warn scientists. Online. Accessed on: 01 Feb 2019. Available from: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/2018/01/22/retirement-causes-brain-function-rapidly-decline-warn-scientists/

Mae digwyddiad bywyd anrhagweladwy wedi digwydd i Hilda gan fod ei gŵr wedi marw yn annisgwyl. Ystyriwch sut y gallai marwolaeth gŵr Hilda effeithio ar iechyd a llesiant teulu Hilda. Cofiwch fod angen i chi ystyried yr effeithiau cadarnhaol a negyddol y gallai hyn eu cael ar iechyd a llesiant Hilda a'i theulu. Cofiwch ystyried yr effaith gorfforol, ddeallusol, emosiynol a chymdeithasol y gallai hyn eu cael ar iechyd a llesiant Hilda.

Corfforol

Mae Marie Curie (2019) yn egluro'r symptomau corfforol cyffredin sy'n gysylltiedig â phrofedigaeth megis tyndra yn y frest, anhawster wrth anadlu, diffyg egni, ei gael yn anodd cysgu, a doluriau a phoenau. Efallai y bydd Hilda yn cael trafferth yn cysgu os yw hi wedi arfer cael ei gŵr yn cysgu wrth ei hochr, felly gallai marwolaeth ei gŵr gael effaith negyddol ar ei datblygiad corfforol. Efallai y bydd Hilda yn profi diffyg chwant bwyd a gallai golli pwysau a allai, yn ei dro, wneud iddi deimlo'n wannach.

Effaith gadarnhaol ar ddatblygiad corfforol Hilda yw, os mai hi oedd prif ofalwr ei gŵr, efallai na fyddai wedi gallu ei adael ar ei ben ei hun ond nawr ei fod wedi marw, efallai y bydd hi'n gallu mynd allan am dro a gwella ei hiechyd corfforol.

Deallusol

Efallai y bydd gallu canolbwyntio Hilda yn cael ei effeithio o ganlyniad i’r galar am ei gŵr felly efallai na fydd hi’n gallu canolbwyntio, a fydd yn cael effaith negyddol ar ei datblygiad deallusol. Efallai na fydd hi'n ymweld â'i llyfrgell leol mwyach felly ni fydd yn darllen llyfrau newydd ac felly bydd effaith negyddol ar ei datblygiad deallusol.

Gallai Hilda deimlo bod angen iddi gofleidio ei bywyd newydd ac ymuno â chlybiau er mwyn llenwi ei hamser. Efallai y bydd hi am ddysgu sgiliau newydd, megis sgiliau cyfrifiadurol, neu efallai y bydd ganddi fwy o amser i ymweld â'i llyfrgell leol.

Emosiynol

Mae galar yn ymateb cyffredin i brofedigaeth ac mae'n effeithio ar wahanol bobl mewn gwahanol ffyrdd. Efallai y bydd Hilda yn teimlo’n ynysig ar ôl marwolaeth ei gŵr ac efallai y bydd yn teimlo’n isel. Efallai y bydd hi'n teimlo'n bryderus, yn euog neu'n ddig. Os yw Hilda yn teimlo'n ynysig yn ei galar, efallai y bydd hi'n tynnu'n ôl o gymdeithas ac efallai na fydd hi'n gallu estyn allan at anwyliaid.

Effaith gadarnhaol ar ddatblygiad emosiynol Hilda yw, os oedd ei gŵr yn sâl am amser hir cyn ei farwolaeth, efallai y bydd hi'n teimlo rhyddhad nad yw bellach mewn poen. Efallai y bydd hi'n teimlo'n dawelach os nad oes mwy o weithwyr gofal iechyd proffesiynol yn ei chartref neu'n hapusach nad oes rhaid iddi ymweld ag ysbyty neu gartref nyrsio mwyach.

Cymdeithasol

Gan fod Hilda newydd golli ei gŵr, efallai ei bod yn teimlo'n ynysig ac yn isel ac efallai nad yw am weld ymwelwyr. Os bydd hi'n parhau i wrthod gweld pobl, gallai golli ei rhwydwaith cymdeithasol. Efallai fod Hilda a'i gŵr wedi bod yn rhan o grŵp neu glwb a nawr ei fod wedi marw, efallai y bydd hi'n teimlo nad oes croeso iddi neu efallai ei bod yn teimlo’n anghyfforddus i fynychu hebddo. Gallai marwolaeth ei gŵr gael effaith negyddol ar ei datblygiad cymdeithasol.

Effaith gadarnhaol ar ddatblygiad cymdeithasol Hilda yw y gallai hi fynychu cwnsela profedigaeth i drafod effaith marwolaeth ei gŵr ac y gallai ddatblygu rhwydwaith cymdeithasol newydd sy'n deall y broses alaru. Os mai Hilda oedd prif ofalwr ei gŵr yna efallai y bydd ganddi amser erbyn hyn i gymdeithasu mwy a mynychu mwy o grwpiau a chlybiau.

Yn ôl Graddfa Sgorio Ail-addasu Cymdeithasol Holmes-Rahe, mae gan Hilda siawns gymedrol i uchel o fynd yn sâl yn y dyfodol agos gan fod ei phriod wedi marw; mae newid yn y cyflwr ariannol, newid mewn amgylchiadau byw, newid mewn gweithgareddau hamdden a newid posibl mewn gweithgareddau cymdeithasol.

Cyfeiriadau

Age UK. Dim dyddiad. Fit as a fiddle. Ar y we. Cyrchwyd ar: 01 Chwefror 2019. Ar gael o: https://www.ageuk.org.uk/our-impact/programmes/faaf/

Age UK. Hydref 2018. Depression and anxiety. Ar y we. Cyrchwyd ar: 01 Chwefror 2019. Ar gael o: https://www.ageuk.org.uk/information-advice/health-wellbeing/conditions-illnesses/depression-anxiety/

Age UK. Hydref 2018. Preparing emotionally for retirement. Ar y we. Cyrchwyd ar: 01 Chwefror 2019. Ar gael o: https://www.ageuk.org.uk/information-advice/work-learning/retirement/preparing-emotionally-for-retirement/

BBC. Mai 2013. Why retirement can be bad for your health. Ar y we. Cyrchwyd ar: 01 Chwefror 2019. Ar gael o:

https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-22553577

Marie Curie. Mawrth 2019. Physical symptoms of grief. Ar y we. Cyrchwyd ar 08 Mai 2019. Ar gael o: https://www.mariecurie.org.uk/help/support/bereaved-family-friends/dealing-grief/physical-symptoms-grief

GIG. Medi 2018. Overview: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Ar y we. Cyrchwyd ar 08 Mai 2019. Ar gael o: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/post-traumatic-stress-disorder-ptsd/

The Telegraph. Ionawr 2018. Retirement causes brain function to rapidly decline, warn scientists. Ar y we. Cyrchwyd ar: 01 Chwefror 2019. Ar gael o: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/2018/01/22/retirement-causes-brain-function-rapidly-decline-warn-scientists/

Starting a family

Cychwyn teulu

Emily is a senior healthcare manager and has just given birth to their first child. Emily is going to return to work and Ross, her husband, is going to look after the baby. Explain how starting a family may influence Emily’s health and well-being. Remember to consider the physical, intellectual, emotional and social effects this may have on Emily’s health and well-being.

The previous screens have shown you what your answer should include. Write your answer in the text box below before comparing with the suggested answers provided.

Mae Emily yn uwch reolwraig gofal iechyd ac mae newydd roi genedigaeth i'w phlentyn cyntaf. Bydd Emily yn dychwelyd i'r gwaith a bydd Ross, ei gŵr, yn gofalu am y baban. Esboniwch sut y gallai cychwyn teulu ddylanwadu ar iechyd a llesiant Emily. Cofiwch ystyried yr effeithiau corfforol, deallusol, emosiynol a chymdeithasol y gallai hyn eu cael ar iechyd a llesiant Emily.

Mae'r sgriniau blaenorol wedi dangos i chi beth ddylai eich ateb ei gynnwys. Ysgrifennwch eich ateb yn y blwch testun isod cyn cymharu â'r atebion awgrymedig a ddarperir.

Suggested response:

Physical

  • Emily may be tired after work and may not have the energy to play with her child when she gets home.
  • Emily may not sleep properly. Consider the physical effects of poor sleep and the benefits of good sleep.
  • Emily had the triple burden as she may have to support her child, husband and elderly parents.

Intellectual

  • Emily and Ross will learn new skills about looking after children.
  • Emily could be distracted in work so her performance may be impacted.

Emotional

  • Emily’s relationship with Ross could improve or there may be a strain on their relationship.
  • Emily could have a higher or lower self-image after giving birth.
  • Emily may feel guilty for working rather than looking after the child.
  • She may become jealous of Ross as the child may form a greater attachment with him.
  • She may feel happy that she has given birth and their family has grown.

Social

  • Emily may feel socially isolated as she may not be able to go out with work colleagues after work as she feels she needs to go back and help Ross.
  • They may go out as a family more often. This is a chance for them all to get out of the house.
  • Emily and Ross may not have any alone time and their relationship may deteriorate.
  • Emily may develop new friendships, e.g. other parents.

Ymateb awgrymedig:

Corfforol

  • Efallai y bydd Emily wedi blino ar ôl gwaith ac efallai na fydd ganddi’r egni i chwarae gyda’i phlentyn pan fydd yn cyrraedd adref.
  • Efallai na fydd Emily yn cysgu'n iawn. Ystyriwch effeithiau corfforol cysgu'n wael a manteision cysgu'n dda.
  • Roedd gan Emily'r baich triphlyg oherwydd efallai y bydd rhaid iddi ofalu am ei phlentyn, ei gŵr a'i rhieni oedrannus.

Deallusol

  • Bydd Emily a Ross yn dysgu sgiliau newydd ynghylch gofalu am blant.
  • Gallai sylw Emily gael ei dynnu yn y gwaith felly gallai ei pherfformiad gael ei effeithio.

Emosiynol

  • Gallai perthynas Emily â Ross wella neu gallai fod straen ar eu perthynas.
  • Gallai Emily gael hunanddelwedd uwch neu is ar ôl rhoi genedigaeth.
  • Efallai y bydd Emily yn teimlo'n euog am weithio yn hytrach na gofalu am y plentyn.
  • Efallai y bydd hi'n dod yn eiddigeddus o Ross oherwydd y gallai'r plentyn ffurfio mwy o ymlyniad wrtho ef.
  • Efallai y bydd hi'n teimlo'n hapus ei bod wedi rhoi genedigaeth a bod eu teulu wedi tyfu.

Cymdeithasol

  • Efallai y bydd Emily yn teimlo’n ynysig yn gymdeithasol oherwydd efallai na fydd hi’n gallu mynd allan gyda chydweithwyr ar ôl gwaith gan ei bod yn teimlo bod angen iddi fynd yn ôl i helpu Ross.
  • Gallent fynd allan fel teulu yn amlach. Dyma gyfle iddynt i gyd fynd allan o'r tŷ.
  • Efallai na fydd gan Emily a Ross unrhyw amser ar eu pennau eu hunain a gallai eu perthynas ddirywio.
  • Efallai y bydd Emily yn datblygu cyfeillgarwch newydd, e.e. rhieni eraill.

Abuse

Camdriniaeth

A neglected child with his head in his hands

Abuse means to treat someone with cruelty or violence and can take many forms. Abuse can happen at any age, but vulnerable people are more at risk. These include:

  • physical abuse
  • sexual abuse
  • psychological abuse
  • financial abuse/neglect – which could include controlling/coercive behaviour/intimate sexual relationships
  • neglect
  • domestic violence.

Mae cam-drin yn golygu trin rhywun â chreulondeb neu drais a gall ymddangos ar sawl ffurf. Gall cam-drin ddigwydd ar unrhyw oedran, ond mae mwy o berygl i bobl sy'n agored i niwed. Mae’r rhain yn cynnwys:

  • camdriniaeth gorfforol
  • camdriniaeth rywiol
  • camdriniaeth seicolegol
  • camdriniaeth/esgeulustod ariannol - a allai gynnwys rheoli/ymddygiad gorfodol/perthnasoedd rhywiol agos
  • esgeulustod
  • trais yn y cartref.

Abuse

Drag the type of abuse to the correct definition.

Camdriniaeth

Llusgwch y math o gam-drin i'r diffiniad cywir.

Abuse

Camdriniaeth

Definition

Diffiniad

Correct answers

Atebion cywir

        https://bit.ly/34BL40d

        Abuse

        Drag the sign of abuse to the type of abuse columns. There is no check facility as these signs could come under more than one type of abuse.

        Camdriniaeth

        Llusgwch yr arwydd o gamdriniaeth i golofnau’r math o gamdriniaeth. Nid oes cyfleuster gwirio gan y gallai'r arwyddion hyn ddod o dan fwy nag un math o gamdriniaeth.





                Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs)

                Profiadau Niweidiol yn ystod Plentyndod

                A couple arguing in front of a child

                http://www.aces.me.uk/in-wales/

                These traumatic experiences occur before the age of 18 and are remembered throughout adulthood. They can include:

                • Emotional abuse – this can include exposing a child to violence, modelling bad behaviour or failing to meet a child’s emotional needs. This can lead to a child developing mental health problems, eating disorders and can lead to self-harming.
                • Sexual abuse – any sexual activity that a child is persuaded to take part in is classed as sexual abuse. It doesn’t have to involve physical contact and the child may not realise that it is wrong at the time. This can lead to severe mental health problems and the risk of self-harm.
                • Physical abuse – this includes anything that would directly harm the child’s physical safety. Children who are physically abused may not do well at school, become involved in criminal behaviour and may develop drug and alcohol problems. They can also suffer mental health problems. Shaking a baby can lead to serious injuries, including brain damage, hearing and visual impairments, learning problems and behavioural problems.
                • Domestic abuse – this is an ongoing pattern of abusive, coercive and controlling behaviour, involving physical, sexual, emotional and financial abuse. Children who experience domestic abuse are more likely to be part of an abusive relationship as adults.
                • Neglect – this is a consistent failure to meet a child’s basic needs. Children who experience neglect are more likely to get involved in crime, have alcohol or drug problems and get involved in dangerous relationships.

                Read and consider the information from Public Health Wales on Adverse Childhood Experiences and their impact

                https://bit.ly/2Ynaldk

                and the importance of the first 1000 days in a child’s life

                https://bit.ly/2OODN8O

                Make a note of the main points.

                http://www.aces.me.uk/cymraeg/

                Mae'r profiadau trawmatig hyn yn digwydd cyn 18 oed a chânt eu cofio drwy gydol oedolaeth. Gall y rhain gynnwys:

                • Camdriniaeth emosiynol– gall hyn gynnwys amlygu unigolyn i drais, modelu ymddygiad gwael neu methu â diwallu anghenion emosiynol plentyn. Gall hyn arwain at ddatblygu problemau iechyd meddwl, anhwylderau bwyta a hunan-niwed yn achos plentyn.
                • Camdriniaeth rywiol – ystyrir bod unrhyw weithgaredd rhywiol y caiff plentyn ei ddarbwyllo i gymryd rhan ynddo yn gamdriniaeth rywiol. Nid oes rhaid i hyn gynnwys cyswllt corfforol ac efallai na fydd plentyn yn sylweddoli bod rhywbeth o'i le. Gall hyn arwain at broblemau iechyd meddwl difrifol a'r risg o hunan-niwed.
                • Camdriniaeth gorfforol – mae hyn yn cynnwys unrhyw beth a fyddai'n niweidio diogelwch corfforol unigolyn yn uniongyrchol. Efallai na fydd plant a gaiff eu cam-drin yn gorfforol yn gwneud yn dda yn yr ysgol, gallant ddechrau troseddu neu gael problemau cyffuriau ac alcohol. Gallant hefyd wynebu problemau iechyd meddwl. Gall ysgwyd baban arwain at anafiadau difrifol, gan gynnwys niwed i'r ymennydd, nam ar y clyw a'r golwg, problemau dysgu a phroblemau ymddygiadol.
                • Camdriniaeth ddomestig – mae hwn yn batrwm rheolaidd o gam-drin ac ymddygiad cymhellol sy'n rheoli, sy'n cynnwys camdriniaeth gorfforol, rywiol, emosiynol ac ariannol. Mae plant sy'n profi camdriniaeth ddomestig yn fwy tebygol o fod mewn perthynas gamdriniol fel oedolyn.
                • Esgeulustod – methiant parhaus i ddiwallu anghenion sylfaenol plentyn. Mae plant sy'n profi esgeulustod yn fwy tebygol o droseddu, cael problemau cyffuriau neu alcohol a bod yn rhan o gydberthnasau peryglus.

                Darllenwch ac ystyriwch y wybodaeth o Iechyd Cyhoeddus Cymru ar Brofiadau Niweidiol yn ystod Plentyndod a’u heffeithiau

                https://bit.ly/2RlrVwE

                a phwysigrwydd y 1000 o diwrnod cyntaf ym mywyd plentyn

                https://bit.ly/34SlCES

                Nodwch y prif bwyntiau.

                The effects of being or becoming a carer

                Effeithiau bod neu ddod yn ofalwr

                An elderly man and a carer

                The Social Services and Well-being (Wales) Act defines a carer as ‘a person who provides or intends to provide care for an adult or disabled child’.

                According to Carers Trust Wales, there are at least 370,000 carers in Wales and 3 out of 5 of us will become a carer at some point in our lives. There may be more carers in Wales, but they are not registered as a paid or non-paid carer.

                In February 2019, the number of carers juggling paid work and care across Wales increased to 220,000.

                https://bit.ly/384vkGh

                A young carer is defined as being under the age of 18 years old.

                Young carers are entitled to an assessment of their own needs. Social services will find ways to support young carers and can refer them to local support groups or they can have a look at their local council website to see what support is available in the area. Support groups can offer or arrange a short break for the young carer, which would have a positive impact on their health and well-being.

                Mae Deddf Gwasanaethau Cymdeithasol a Llesiant (Cymru) yn diffinio gofalwr fel ‘person sy’n darparu neu sy’n bwriadu darparu gofal i oedolyn neu blentyn anabl’.

                Yn ôl Ymddiriedolaeth Gofalwyr Cymru, mae o leiaf 370,000 o ofalwyr yng Nghymru a bydd 3 o bob 5 ohonom yn dod yn ofalwr ar ryw adeg yn ein bywydau. Efallai fod gofalwyr eraill yng Nghymru, ond nid ydynt wedi'u cofrestru fel gofalwr â thâl neu heb dâl.

                Ym mis Chwefror 2019, cynyddodd nifer y gofalwyr sy'n jyglo gwaith â thâl a gofal ledled Cymru i 220,000.

                https://bit.ly/384vkGh

                Diffinnir gofalwr ifanc fel rhywun o dan 18 oed.

                Mae gan ofalwyr ifanc hawl i asesiad o’u hanghenion eu hunain. Bydd y gwasanaethau cymdeithasol yn canfod dulliau i gefnogi gofalwyr ifanc a gallant eu cyfeirio at grwpiau cymorth lleol neu gall y gofalwyr ifanc edrych ar wefan eu cyngor lleol i weld pa gymorth sydd ar gael yn yr ardal. Gall grwpiau cymorth gynnig neu drefnu seibiant byr i'r gofalwr ifanc, a fyddai'n cael effaith gadarnhaol ar eu hiechyd a'u llesiant.

                The effects of being or becoming a carer

                Effeithiau bod neu ddod yn ofalwr

                QuestionCwestiwn Your ResponseEich Ymateb Suggested ResponseYmateb Awgrymedig

                Suggested Response:

                Ymateb Awgrymedig:

                The effects of being or becoming a carer

                Case study

                Effeithiau bod neu ddod yn ofalwr

                Astudiaeth achos

                Ben has just been diagnosed with Prostate cancer and it has been confirmed that the cancer has spread to other parts of Ben’s body. Ben has been told that he will need intense treatment. Ben’s partner, Alex, is now his main carer as they have no other family. Ben and Alex live in a small village in South Wales.

                What impact could becoming a carer have on Alex’s health and well-being?

                Are there any health and social care services available to them?

                Mae Ben newydd gael diagnosis o ganser y Prostad a chadarnhawyd bod y canser wedi lledu i rannau eraill o gorff Ben. Mae Ben wedi cael gwybod y bydd angen triniaeth ddwys arno. Erbyn hyn, partner Ben, Alex, yw ei brif ofalwr gan nad oes ganddynt deulu arall. Mae Ben ac Alex yn byw mewn pentref bach yn Ne Cymru.

                Pa effaith y gallai dod yn ofalwr ei chael ar iechyd a llesiant Alex?

                A oes unrhyw wasanaethau iechyd a gofal cymdeithasol ar gael iddynt?

                Suggested response

                • Alex could be under financial strain as he would need to give up working or reduce his hours. If Alex only works a few hours, he could be entitled to carers allowance.
                • Alex may be worried about Ben’s health. If he is anxious, he is less likely to be able to sleep. Ben may need care throughout the night, which would also affect Alex’s sleep.
                • As Alex is Ben’s main carer, he may not have time for himself, which may lead to him becoming socially isolated.
                • Alex could research into some local support groups which could have a positive impact on his health and well-being.
                • There are some useful websites available for carers, such as: https://bit.ly/33RDCxy
                • The Social Services and Well-being (Wales) Act 2014 emphasises that people who use social services, including carers, should have a strong voice and real control over the services they may receive by focusing on the personal outcomes that people wish to achieve. If Alex feels that he is being listened to this may have a positive impact on his well-being.

                Ymateb awgrymedig

                • Gallai Alex fod o dan straen ariannol gan y byddai angen iddo roi'r gorau i weithio neu leihau ei oriau. Os yw Alex yn gweithio am ychydig oriau'n unig, gallai fod â hawl i lwfans gofalwr.
                • Efallai fod Alex yn poeni am iechyd Ben. Os yw'n orbryderus, mae'n llai tebygol y bydd yn gallu cysgu. Efallai y bydd angen gofal ar Ben trwy gydol y nos, a fyddai hefyd yn effeithio ar gwsg Alex.
                • Gan mai Alex yw prif ofalwr Ben, efallai na fydd ganddo amser iddo’i hun, a allai olygu y bydd yn cael ei ynysu’n gymdeithasol.
                • Gallai Alex ymchwilio i rai grwpiau cymorth lleol a allai gael effaith gadarnhaol ar ei iechyd a'i lesiant.
                • Mae rhai gwefannau defnyddiol ar gael i ofalwyr, megis: https://bit.ly/33RDCxy
                • Mae Deddf Gwasanaethau Cymdeithasol a Llesiant (Cymru) 2014 yn pwysleisio y dylai pobl sy'n defnyddio gwasanaethau cymdeithasol, gan gynnwys gofalwyr, gael llais cryf a rheolaeth wirioneddol dros y gwasanaethau y gallent eu derbyn trwy ganolbwyntio ar y canlyniadau personol y mae pobl yn dymuno eu cyflawni. Os yw Alex yn teimlo bod rhywun yn gwrando arno, gallai hyn gael effaith gadarnhaol ar ei lesiant.

                The effects of being or becoming a carer

                Effeithiau bod neu ddod yn ofalwr

                Read the following report

                https://bit.ly/2OQedjz

                Note key findings from the report about young carers and explain how being a young carer could affect the health and well-being of individuals.

                Darllenwch yr adroddiad ganlynol

                https://bit.ly/2OQedjz

                Nodwch ganfyddiadau allweddol o'r adroddiad am ofalwyr ifanc ac esboniwch sut y gallai bod yn ofalwr ifanc effeithio ar iechyd a llesiant unigolion.

                Suggested response

                The key points from Estyn’s report

                Young carers:

                • miss or cut short an average of 48 days of education a year because of their caring role
                • were four times more likely to drop out of college than their peers
                • have higher rates of poor mental and physical health than the average young person
                • experience higher rates of bullying.

                Ymateb awgrymedig

                Y pwyntiau allweddol o adroddiad Estyn

                Mae gofalwyr ifanc:

                • yn colli neu'n torri'n fyr 48 diwrnod o addysg y flwyddyn ar gyfartaledd oherwydd eu rôl ofalu
                • bedair gwaith yn fwy tebygol o adael y coleg na'u cyfoedion
                • â chyfraddau uwch o iechyd meddwl a chorfforol gwael na'r person ifanc cyffredin
                • yn profi cyfraddau uwch o fwlio.

                Employment/unemployment

                Cyflogaeth/diweithdra

                A modern open office

                Being employed is good for health and well-being. It allows people to:

                • have the means to develop themselves
                • have a sense of pride and personal achievement
                • socialise and find support
                • have structure and purpose to their day
                • be physically and mentally active
                • have money to support themselves and their family
                • explore their interests.

                If the demands of a job are greater than the employee’s ability to cope then this can lead to work related stress, which can lead to anxiety and depression.

                Managing on a low income can be stressful for adults and feeling at the bottom of the social ladder can have negative effects on self-esteem. People on lower income may adopt unhealthy lifestyles, such as smoking and drinking, whilst people on a high income are able to afford healthier lifestyles. This leads to an increased risk of heart disease, stroke, cancer and diabetes.

                Unemployment can lead to feelings of stress and anxiety and lowering of self-esteem. It also stops individuals from be able to pay for their needs and wants. They may not have enough money for clothing, food and heating bills etc.

                Children whose parents are unemployed and rely solely on benefits can feel that their life chances are limited. They tend to do less well at school and may live with self-esteem problems and stress.

                If someone has been out of work for a long time, they could feel isolated and their life chances may be reduced.

                Mae bod mewn swydd yn dda i iechyd a llesiant pobl. Mae'n caniatáu i bobl:

                • eu datblygu eu hunain
                • teimlo balchder a chyflawniad personol
                • cymdeithasu a chael cefnogaeth
                • cael strwythur a diben i’w diwrnod
                • bod yn weithgar yn gorfforol ac yn feddyliol
                • cael arian i'w cynnal eu hunain a'u teulu
                • archwilio eu diddordebau.

                Os bydd gofynion swydd yn drech na gallu cyflogai i ymdopi, gall hyn arwain at straen sy’n gysylltiedig â gwaith, sy'n gallu arwain at orbryder ac iselder ysbryd.

                I oedolion, gall ymdopi ar incwm isel beri straen a gall teimlo eich bod ar waelod yr ysgol gymdeithasol gael effaith negyddol ar hunan-barch. Mae pobl ar incwm is yn fwy tebygol o fabwysiadu ffyrdd o fyw aniach, megis ysmygu ac yfed, ond mae pobl ar incwm uchel yn gallu fforddio byw bywydau iachach. Mae ffordd o fyw aniach yn cynyddu’r risg o glefyd y galon, strôc, canser a diabetes.

                Gall diweithdra arwain at deimladau o straen a gorbryder a lleihau hunan-barch. Mae hefyd yn atal unigolion rhag gallu talu am eu hanghenion a'u dymuniadau. Efallai na fydd ganddynt ddigon o arian ar gyfer dillad, biliau bwyd a gwresogi ac ati.

                Gall plant sydd â rhieni di-waith, sy’n dibynnu’n gyfan gwbl ar fudd-daliadau, deimlo mai prin yw eu cyfleoedd bywyd. Dydyn nhw ddim yn tueddu i wneud cystal yn yr ysgol a gallan nhw ddioddef problemau gyda hunan-barch a straen.

                Os yw rhywun wedi bod allan o waith am amser hir, gallent deimlo’n ynysig ac efallai bydd eu cyfleoedd mewn bywyd yn lleihau.