Sexuality

Rhywioldeb

Sexual orientation discrimination

Sexuality is about our sexual feelings towards others and covers a broad spectrum. It is deeply personal. It's about understanding the sexual feelings and attractions we feel towards others. Sexuality varies from person to person and it is not as simple as being ‘gay’ or ‘straight’. Some individuals may be attracted to both men and women.

Sexuality can fall into the following categories:

  • Straight/Heterosexual - attracted to people of the opposite sex.
  • Gay/Homosexual - attracted to people of the same sex.
  • Lesbian - attracted to people of the same sex (refers to women).
  • Bisexual - attracted to both men and women.
  • Pansexual - attracted to romantic and sexual partners of any gender, sex or sexual identity. (‘Pan’ means ‘all’.)
  • Polysexual - attracted to romantic and sexual partners of many but not all genders, sexes or sexual identities. (‘Poly’ means ‘many’.)
  • Asexual - not sexually attracted to anyone.

People can be discriminated against due to their sexuality and may experience feelings of low self-esteem because of this. Knowing and understanding which group you fall into may be confusing and can cause anxiety, particularly for adolescents.

Further reading:

https://bit.ly/37YbDjc

Mae rhywioldeb yn ymwneud â'n teimladau rhywiol tuag at eraill ac mae'n cwmpasu sbectrwm eang. Mae'n bersonol iawn. Mae'n ymwneud â deall y teimladau a'r atyniadau rhywiol rydym yn eu teimlo tuag at eraill. Mae rhywioldeb yn amrywio o berson i berson ac nid yw mor syml â bod yn ‘hoyw’ neu’n ‘syth’. Efallai y bydd rhai unigolion yn cael eu denu at ddynion a menywod.

Mae'r newidiadau hyn yn perthyn i'r categorïau dilynol:

  • Syth/Heterorywiol - wedi'u denu at bobl o'r rhyw arall.
  • Hoyw/Cyfunrywiol - wedi'u denu at bobl o'r un rhyw.
  • Lesbiaidd - wedi'u denu at bobl o'r un rhyw (yn cyfeirio at fenywod).
  • Deurywiol - wedi'u denu at ddynion a menywod.
  • Cyfanrywiol - wedi'u denu at bartneriaid rhamantus a rhywiol o unrhyw ryw, rhywedd neu hunaniaeth rywiol. (Mae 'Cyfan' yn golygu ‘pawb’.)
  • Amrywrywiol - wedi'u denu at bartneriaid rhamantus a rhywiol o unrhyw ryw, rhywedd neu hunaniaeth rywiol. (Mae 'Amryw' yn golygu ‘llawer’.)
  • Anrhywiol - heb eu denu yn rhywiol at unrhyw un.

Gellir gwahaniaethu yn erbyn pobl oherwydd eu rhywioldeb a gallent brofi teimladau o hunan-barch isel oherwydd hyn. Gall gwybod a deall pa grŵp rydych yn perthyn iddo fod yn ddryslyd a gall achosi gorbryder, yn arbennig i bobl ifanc.

Darllen pellach:

https://bit.ly/37YbDjc

Sexuality

Use the thought shower to note as many effects of celibacy as you can think of.

Rhywioldeb

Defnyddiwch y gawod syniadau i nodi cynifer o fathau gwahanol o ymgadw'n anweddog (celibacy) ag y gallwch.

Celibacy is defined as ‘the state of abstaining from marriage and sexual relations’. What are the positive and negative effects of celibacy on the health and well-being of individuals?

Diffinnir ymgadw'n anweddog fel ‘cyflwr ymatal rhag priodas a chysylltiadau rhywiol’. Beth yw effeithiau cadarnhaol a negyddol ymgadw'n anweddog ar iechyd a llesiant unigolion?

Effects of celibacy Effeithiau ymgadw'n anweddog

Suggested response:

Positive

  • Removal of excessive fears of contracting sexually transmitted disease.
  • Sexual energy is transmitted into other energy.
  • Increased mental processing, power and speed.
  • Life without sex is no bar to excellent health. A long-term study into the health and ageing of a group of nearly 700 older nuns found many kept active and lived well into their 90s and past 100 (NHS).

Negative

  • According to the NHS, anything that exercises your heart is good for you, including sex. Sexual arousal sends the heart rate higher.
  • Embracing someone special can lower blood pressure, according to researchers.
  • In stress tests, including public speaking and doing mental arithmetic out loud, the people who had no sex at all had the highest stress levels.
  • A study in Pennsylvania found students who had sex once or twice a week had higher levels of an important illness-fighting substance in their bodies.
  • Immunoglobulin A (IgA) was 30% higher in those who had sex once or twice a week than in those who had no sex at all.

Ymateb awgrymedig:

Cadarnhaol

  • Cael gwared ar ofnau gormodol o ddal clefyd cysylltiad rhywiol.
  • Trosglwyddir egni rhywiol i egni arall.
  • Mwy o bŵer, cyflymder a phrosesu meddyliol.
  • Nid yw bywyd heb ryw yn rhwystr i iechyd rhagorol. Fe ganfu astudiaeth hirdymor i iechyd a heneiddio grŵp o bron i 700 o leianod hŷn fod llawer yn cadw'n weithgar ac yn byw ymhell i'w 90au a heibio 100 oed (GIG).

Negyddol

  • Yn ôl y GIG, mae unrhyw beth sy'n ymarfer eich calon yn dda i chi, gan gynnwys rhyw. Mae cynnwrf rhywiol yn gyrru cyfradd curiad y galon yn uwch.
  • Gall cofleidio rhywun arbennig ostwng pwysedd gwaed, yn ôl ymchwilwyr.
  • Mewn profion straen, gan gynnwys siarad yn gyhoeddus a gwneud rhifyddeg pen yn uchel, roedd gan y bobl nad oedd yn cael rhyw o gwbl y lefelau straen uchaf.
  • Fe ganfu astudiaeth yn Pennsylvania fod gan fyfyrwyr a oedd yn cael rhyw unwaith neu ddwywaith yr wythnos lefelau uwch o sylwedd pwysig i ymladd salwch yn eu cyrff.
  • Roedd imiwnoglobwlin A (IgA) 30% yn uwch ymhlith y rhai a oedd yn cael rhyw unwaith neu ddwywaith yr wythnos nag yn y rhai hynny nad oeddent yn cael rhyw o gwbl.

Sexuality

Use the thought shower to note as many effects of monogamy as you can think of.

Rhywioldeb

Defnyddiwch y gawod syniadau i nodi cynifer o fathau gwahanol o fonogami ag y gallwch.

Monogamy is defined as only one sexual partner or marriage with one person at a time. What are the positive and negative effects of monogamy on the health and well-being of individuals?

Diffinnir monogami fel un partner rhywiol neu briodas yn unig ag un person ar y tro. Beth yw effeithiau cadarnhaol a negyddol monogami ar iechyd a llesiant unigolion?

Effects of monogamy Effeithiau monogami

Suggested response:

Positive

  • Less likely to contract a STI with the same partner. By limiting the number of sexual partners, individuals are less likely to contract a sexually transmitted disease.
  • Emotionally, individuals could have greater self-esteem as they are less likely to be labelled.
  • Socially, individuals are likely to be more socially active as partners usually share similar interests.

Negative

  • As you are spending so much time with one person, it is possible that you are going to get on each other’s nerves. If this results in an argument, this could lead to stress.
  • An individual could feel a sense of regret by not exploring other partners.
  • In Islam, men respecting more than one wife is honouring the teaching of Allah. This would improve their emotional well-being as they feel they are following their religion (polygamy).

Ymateb awgrymedig:

Cadarnhaol

  • Yn llai tebygol o gael heintiau a drosglwyddir yn rhywiol gyda'r un partner. Trwy gyfyngu ar nifer y partneriaid rhywiol, mae unigolion yn llai tebygol o ddal clefyd cysylltiad rhywiol.
  • O safbwynt emosiynol, gallai unigolion fod â mwy o hunan-barch gan eu bod yn llai tebygol o gael eu labelu.
  • O safbwynt cymdeithasol, mae unigolion yn debygol o fod yn fwy egnïol yn gymdeithasol gan fod partneriaid fel arfer yn rhannu diddordebau tebyg.

Negyddol

  • Gan eich bod yn treulio cymaint o amser ag un person, mae'n bosibl y byddwch yn gwylltio eich gilydd. Os yw hyn yn arwain at ddadl, gallai hyn achosi straen.
  • Gallai unigolyn brofi ymdeimlad o edifeirwch trwy beidio ag archwilio partneriaid eraill.
  • Yn Islam, mae dynion sy'n parchu mwy nag un wraig yn anrhydeddu dysgeidiaeth Allah. Byddai hyn yn gwella eu llesiant emosiynol gan eu bod yn teimlo eu bod yn dilyn eu crefydd (amlbriodas).

Involvement in crime

Cymryd rhan mewn troseddau

A criminal with a knife

There is a direct link between the crime rate in the individual lives and their well-being. In areas where the crime rates are higher, people are more likely to live in fear and may become socially isolated due to being too scared to go out. This might be particularly more for vulnerable groups of people, such as older adults. The risk of crimes, such as burglary, may be higher. This could cause individuals to feel unsafe in their own homes.

Violent crime that involves knives and guns is on in the increase in Wales. Although most people will never experience serious violent crime, adolescents are more at risk and figures indicate that young black men are the victims of knife crime more than any other group.

There are a number of different effects knife and gun crime can have on well-being; knife and gun crime can result in serious injury or, in some cases, death. There are also emotional effects where people may live in fear and may isolate themselves due to being too scared to leave their house for fear of attack.

Mae cysylltiad uniongyrchol rhwng y gyfradd droseddu ym mywydau unigolion a'u llesiant. Mewn ardaloedd lle mae'r cyfraddau troseddu'n uwch, mae pobl yn fwy tebygol o fyw mewn ofn a gallant ddod yn ynysig yn gymdeithasol oherwydd bod arnynt ormod o ofn i fynd allan. Gallai hyn fod yn arbennig o berthnasol i grwpiau o bobl sy'n agored i niwed, megis oedolion hŷn. Gallai'r risg o droseddau, megis byrgleriaeth, fod yn uwch. Gallai hyn beri i unigolion deimlo'n anniogel yn eu cartrefi eu hunain.

Mae troseddau treisgar sy'n cynnwys cyllyll a gynnau ar gynnydd yng Nghymru. Er na fydd y mwyafrif o bobl byth yn profi troseddau treisgar difrifol, mae pobl ifanc mewn mwy o berygl ac mae ffigurau'n dangos bod mwy o ddynion ifanc du yn dioddef troseddau cyllyll nag unrhyw grŵp arall.

Mae yna nifer o wahanol effeithiau y gall troseddau â chyllyll a gynnau eu cael ar lesiant; gall troseddau â chyllyll a gynnau arwain at anaf difrifol neu, mewn rhai achosion, marwolaeth. Mae effeithiau emosiynol hefyd lle gall pobl fyw mewn ofn a gallent eu hynysu eu hunain oherwydd bod arnynt ormod o ofn i adael eu tŷ rhag ofn ymosodiad.

Smoking

Ysmygu

Hands holding a cigarette and lighter

Cigarettes are a legal substance and they are the single largest cause of preventable ill health in Wales. Cigarettes are highly addictive and can cause an array of health problems, especially if people smoke them long-term. People are likely to need support to quit.

Electronic cigarettes, or vaping as it is also known, is a relatively new replacement for cigarettes that some people take up. They are battery-powered devices that heat a liquid, usually containing nicotine, mixed with the chemicals, and often flavourings, such as bubble gum and watermelon. This creates a vapour that users can inhale. They deliver nicotine, which is also found in cigarettes and is highly addictive, to the body without producing any smoke. As vaping is relatively new, little is known about its effects on health, but there's some evidence that e-cigarettes can have a substantial effect on blood vessels, and may increase people's heart attack risk.

Mae sigaréts yn sylwedd cyfreithiol a nhw yw'r un achos mwyaf o afiechyd y gellir ei atal yng Nghymru. Mae sigaréts yn gaethiwus iawn a gallant achosi amrywiaeth o broblemau iechyd, yn arbennig os yw pobl yn eu hysmygu yn y tymor hir. Mae pobl yn debygol o fod ag angen cefnogaeth i roi'r gorau iddi.

Mae sigaréts electronig, neu ‘anweddu’ (vaping) fel y'i gelwir hefyd, yn fodd disodli cymharol newydd am sigaréts y mae rhai pobl yn ei ddefnyddio. Maent yn ddyfeisiau wedi'u pweru gan fatri sy'n cynhesu hylif, fel arfer yn cynnwys nicotin, wedi'i gymysgu â'r cemegau, ac yn aml cyflasynnau, megis gwm swigod a melon dŵr. Mae hyn yn creu anwedd y gall defnyddwyr ei anadlu. Maent yn danfon nicotin, a ganfyddir hefyd mewn sigaréts ac sy'n hynod gaethiwus, i'r corff heb gynhyrchu unrhyw fwg. Gan fod anweddu yn gymharol newydd, ychydig a wyddys am ei effeithiau ar iechyd, ond mae rhywfaint o dystiolaeth y gall e-sigaréts gael effaith sylweddol ar bibellau gwaed, ac y gallent gynyddu risg y bydd pobl yn cael trawiad ar y galon.

Smoking

Watch the video and identify some of the effects of smoking on the body

Ysmygu

Gwyliwch y fideo a nodwch rai o effeithiau ysmygu ar y corff

How do cigarettes affect the body? How do cigarettes affect the body?

Smoking

Case study

Ysmygu

Astudiaeth achos

Keith has only just started smoking but he is already addicted and would like to give up. Keith’s friend, Ann, has suggested that he tries vaping products instead of tobacco. After speaking with his mother, she has discovered that vape products are just as bad as tobacco.

Mae Keith newydd ddechrau ysmygu ond mae eisoes yn gaeth a hoffai roi'r gorau iddi. Mae ffrind Keith, Ann, wedi awgrymu ei fod yn rhoi cynnig ar gynhyrchion anweddu yn lle tybaco. Ar ôl siarad â'i fam, mae hi wedi darganfod bod cynhyrchion anweddu yr un mor ddrwg â thybaco.

QuestionCwestiwn Your ResponseEich Ymateb Suggested ResponseYmateb Awgrymedig

Suggested Response:

Ymateb Awgrymedig:

Substance misuse

Camddefnyddio sylweddau

Drug abuse

There are many legal and illegal substances that are misused. All substances are addictive and people can become dependent on them to cope with emotional problems. The most common substances that are misused are:

  • alcohol
  • illegal drugs
  • legal drugs
  • solvents.

Alcohol is a legal substance and if drunk excessively, is classed as substance misuse. This can result in ill health, accidents, injury, emotional ups and downs, domestic violence and divorce.

Illegal drugs have a range of immediate health risks, some drugs can cause physical or psychological dependency, with the result that larger amounts are needed to get the same effect often leading to long-term damage to the body. Heavy or long-term use of some illegal drugs may cause the user to overdose, which may cause permanent damage to the body and can be fatal.

Legal drugs can also be open to misuse and when misused, can equally have the same serious consequences as illegal drugs.

Solvents are also legal substances. These are legal to buy-lighter fuel, strong glue, aerosols. Sometimes people can breathe in solvents by accident e.g. when using an aerosol.

For further information, click on the links below:

https://bit.ly/386FxSe

https://bit.ly/33HMoyg

Mae llawer o sylweddau cyfreithiol ac anghyfreithlon a gamddefnyddir. Mae'r holl sylweddau'n gaethiwus a gall pobl ddod yn ddibynnol arnynt er mwyn ymdopi â phroblemau emosiynol. Y sylweddau mwyaf cyffredin a gamddefnyddir yw:

  • alcohol
  • cyffuriau anghyfreithlon
  • cyffuriau cyfreithlon
  • hydoddyddion.

Mae alcohol yn sylwedd cyfreithiol ac os yw'n cael ei yfed yn ormodol, fe'i dosbarthir fel camddefnyddio sylweddau. Gall hyn arwain at iechyd gwael, damweiniau, anafiadau, cynnwrf emosiynol, trais domestig ac ysgariad.

Mae gan gyffuriau anghyfreithlon ystod o risgiau iechyd uniongyrchol, gall rhai cyffuriau achosi dibyniaeth gorfforol neu seicolegol, â'r canlyniad bod angen meintiau mwy i gael yr un effaith, sy'n arwain at niwed tymor hir i'r corff. Gall defnydd trwm neu dymor hir o rai cyffuriau anghyfreithlon beri i'r defnyddiwr gymryd dos gormodol, a allai achosi niwed parhaol i'r corff a gall fod yn angheuol.

Hefyd, gall cyffuriau cyfreithiol fod yn agored i'w camddefnyddio a phan gânt eu camddefnyddio, gallant gael yr un canlyniadau difrifol â chyffuriau anghyfreithlon.

Mae hydoddyddion hefyd yn sylweddau cyfreithiol. Mae'r rhain yn gyfreithiol i'w prynu - tanwydd taniwr, glud cryf, aerosolau. Weithiau gall pobl anadlu hydoddyddion i mewn ar ddamwain, e.e. wrth ddefnyddio aerosol.

I gael gwybodaeth bellach, cliciwch ar y lincs isod:

https://bit.ly/2OMEoI9

https://bit.ly/33HMoyg

Influence of others

Dylanwad pobl eraill

A young woman smoking and drinking

The people around a person can influence them in many ways. This can be in the form of a role model, such as a celebrity or other person of interest that the person looks up to. Role models can have a significant effect on young people. A role model has the ability to shape the views, ideals and actions of a young person and help pave the way for what they would like to do in the future.

Unfortunately, the people that adolescents look up to aren’t always ideal as their poor behaviour and decisions set a negative example for young people.

Peers can also have a significant impact upon a person, both negatively and positively. Peers can influence a person to smoke cigarettes and drink alcohol. They can also affect a person’s attitude and even everyday decisions they make about food and exercise.

Adults are less likely to feel the need to want to fit into social groups, but they are still likely to be influenced by family and friends in terms of their attitudes and beliefs.

Gall y bobl o amgylch person ddylanwadu arnynt mewn sawl ffordd. Gall hyn fod ar ffurf model rôl, megis rhywun enwog neu berson arall o ddiddordeb y mae'r person yn ei barchu. Gall modelau rôl gael effaith sylweddol ar bobl ifanc. Mae gan fodel rôl y gallu i lunio barn, delfrydau a gweithredoedd person ifanc a helpu i baratoi'r ffordd ar gyfer yr hyn yr hoffent ei wneud yn y dyfodol.

Yn anffodus, nid yw'r bobl y mae pobl ifanc yn eu parchu bob amser yn ddelfrydol gan fod eu hymddygiad a'u penderfyniadau gwael yn gosod esiampl negyddol i bobl ifanc.

Hefyd, gall cyfoedion gael effaith sylweddol ar berson, yn negyddol ac yn gadarnhaol. Gall cyfoedion ddylanwadu ar berson i ysmygu sigaréts ac yfed alcohol. Gallant hefyd effeithio ar agwedd unigolyn a hyd yn oed y penderfyniadau bob dydd a wnânt ynghylch bwyd ac ymarfer corff.

Mae oedolion yn llai tebygol o deimlo'r angen i ffitio i mewn i grwpiau cymdeithasol, ond maent yn dal i fod yn debygol o gael eu dylanwadu gan deulu a ffrindiau o ran eu hagweddau a'u credoau.

Use of technology

Use the thought shower to note as many positive and negative effects of using Facebook as you can think of.

Defnyddio technoleg

Defnyddiwch y gawod syniadau i nodi cynifer o effeithiau cadarnhaol a negyddol o ddefnyddio Facebook ag y gallwch.

Read the article and consider whether Facebook is good for your health and well-being.

https://bit.ly/33HR9I8

Darllenwch yr erthygl ac ystyriwch a yw Facebook yn dda i'ch iechyd a'ch llesiant.

https://bit.ly/33HR9I8

Is the use of Facebook good for your health and well-being? A yw'r defnydd o Facebook yn dda i'ch iechyd a'ch llesiant?

Suggested response:

Positive

  • Fuel self-esteem – some individuals post their health achievements, e.g. sharing Fitbit running records. Facebook allows other users to like this and leave comments, which can increase self-esteem.
  • Strengthen social networks – some individuals find it hard to communicate verbally. They may find it easier to let their friends know of any issues by typing, rather than face-to-face communication.
  • Stamp out loneliness and shyness – this is particularly beneficial for older adults. They can join support groups, talk via the website, see photos and keep updated.

Negative

  • Can cause depression – this is known as ‘Facebook depression’ which can lead to self-harming, anxiety or aggressive behaviour.
  • Trigger eating disorders – people may spend more time online which may cause them to eat or binge more.
  • Breaking up families – Facebook can cause arguments between family members.
  • Can cause individuals to lose their jobs – unemployment can lead to health problems.

Ymateb awgrymedig:

Cadarnhaol

  • Ysgogi hunan-barch - mae rhai unigolion yn postio eu cyflawniadau iechyd, e.e. rhannu cofnodion rhedeg Fitbit. Mae Facebook yn caniatáu i ddefnyddwyr eraill hoffi hyn a gadael sylwadau, a all gynyddu hunan-barch.
  • Cryfhau rhwydweithiau cymdeithasol - mae rhai unigolion yn ei gael yn anodd cyfathrebu ar lafar. Efallai y gallent ei gael yn haws gadael i'w ffrindiau wybod am unrhyw faterion trwy deipio, yn hytrach na chyfathrebu wyneb yn wyneb.
  • Cael gwared ar unigrwydd a swildod - mae hyn yn arbennig o fuddiol i oedolion hŷn. Gallant ymuno â grwpiau cymorth, siarad trwy ddefnyddio’r wefan, gweld lluniau a chael y wybodaeth ddiweddaraf.

Negyddol

  • Gallu achosi iselder - gelwir hyn yn ‘iselder Facebook’ a all arwain at hunan-niweidio, gorbryder neu ymddygiad ymosodol.
  • Sbarduno anhwylderau bwyta - gall pobl dreulio mwy o amser ar-lein a allai beri iddynt fwyta mwy neu orfwyta mewn pyliau.
  • Torri teuluoedd - gall Facebook achosi dadleuon rhwng aelodau'r teulu.
  • Gall achosi i unigolion golli eu swyddi - gall diweithdra arwain at broblemau iechyd.

Material possessions

Eiddo materol

Struggling with debt

Material deprivation refers to those whose living conditions are affected by not being able to afford certain items. These might include being able to pay the rent or mortgage, bills and loan repayments or to keep their home adequately warm.

High levels of debt can have a negative impact on health and well-being because:

  • individuals can end up paying back far more than they borrowed and their repayments can mean they don’t have sufficient income to take care of themselves and their family properly
  • people can find that they have less access to financial services, such as having a bank account, or they have to pay more to use these services
  • families can break down because of the stress caused by debt
  • health can be affected by less access to healthy food and exercise opportunities and illnesses brought on by stress
  • mental health problems, such as depression and anxiety, can occur due to worries about debt.

Mae amddifadedd materol yn cyfeirio at y rhai y mae eu hamodau byw yn cael eu heffeithio oherwydd na allant brynu eitemau arbennig. Gall y rhain gynnwys gallu talu’r rhent neu’r morgais, biliau ac ad-daliadau benthyciadau neu gadw eu cartref yn ddigon cynnes.

Gall lefelau uchel o ddyled gael effaith negyddol ar iechyd a llesiant oherwydd:

  • gall unigolion orfod ad-dalu llawer mwy na’r swm a fenthyciwyd a gall eu had-daliadau olygu nad oes ganddyn nhw ddigon o incwm i ofalu amdanyn nhw eu hunain na’u teulu’n iawn
  • gall pobl ganfod bod ganddynt lai o fynediad at wasanaethau ariannol, megis cael cyfrif banc, neu fod rhaid iddynt dalu mwy i ddefnyddio'r gwasanaethau hyn
  • gall teuluoedd chwalu oherwydd y straen a achosir gan ddyled
  • gall iechyd gael ei effeithio gan lai o fynediad at fwyd iach a chyfleoedd ymarfer corff a salwch a ddaw yn sgil straen
  • gall problemau iechyd meddwl, fel iselder a gorbryder, ddigwydd oherwydd pryderon ynghylch dyled.

Material possessions

Want vs Need

Sort these statements into columns based on what you think is a need and what you think we just want. There is no check facility. You need to be able to explain your choices.

Eiddo materol

Eisiau / Angen

Llusgwch y datganiadau hyn i mewn i golofnau yn seiliedig ar yr hyn rydym ei angen a'r hyn rydym ei eisiau yn eich barn chi. Nid oes cyfleuster gwirio. Bydd angen i chi esbonio'ch dewisiadau.



      Material possessions

      Case study

      Eiddo materol

      Astudiaeth achos

      Susan

      Susan works as a care assistant and her hourly pay is just about the minimum wage, so she takes as much overtime and nights shifts as possible. Susan is in debt and her daughter is also struggling at college as she does not have a computer and a lot of her work requires access to the internet and a computer.

      Miriam

      Miriam works as a senior health advisor and earns £80,000 a year. She works 38-40 hours a week. The family are not in debt and at the family home they have a number of rooms and have access to the computer/internet. Miriam’s daughter is doing very well at school.

      Look at both case studies above and consider each case study. Consider how material deprivation may influence both case studies, also give some strategies which could help both families.

      Susan

      Mae Susan yn gweithio fel cynorthwyydd gofal ac mae ei chyflog yr awr yn agos iawn at yr isafswm cyflog, felly mae'n cymryd cymaint o oramser a sifftiau nos â phosib. Mae Susan mewn dyled ac mae ei merch hefyd yn cael trafferthion yn y coleg gan nad oes ganddi gyfrifiadur ac mae llawer o'i gwaith yn galw am fynediad i'r rhyngrwyd a chyfrifiadur.

      Miriam

      Mae Miriam yn gweithio fel uwch gynghorydd iechyd ac yn ennill £80,000 y flwyddyn. Mae'n gweithio 38-40 awr yr wythnos. Nid yw'r teulu mewn dyled ac yng nghartref y teulu mae ganddynt nifer o ystafelloedd ac mae ganddynt fynediad i'r cyfrifiadur/rhyngrwyd. Mae merch Miriam yn gwneud yn dda iawn yn yr ysgol.

      Edrychwch ar y ddwy astudiaeth achos uchod ac ystyriwch bob astudiaeth achos. Ystyriwch sut y gall amddifadedd materol ddylanwadu ar y ddwy astudiaeth achos, hefyd rhowch rai strategaethau a allai helpu'r ddau deulu.

      Suggested response

      • Susan, even though she is on poor pay, could be a role model to her daughter. This could inspire her daughter to work in the health and social care sector in the future. This could link to both case studies.
      • Susan’s daughter may have a better understanding of the value of money and be able to clearly distinguish between need vs want, whereas Miriam’s daughter may not be able to do this as well.
      • Susan’s daughter may get bullied as she may not be able to join in with the use of social networking, e.g. WhatsApp, Facebook etc. This could mean that she becomes isolated. However, on a positive note, she will not experience cyber bullying which could have an impact upon her development.
      • Susan may get bullied because of clothing and style too.
      • Poor intellectual development for Susan’s daughter. According to Joseph Rowntree Foundation, poorer families tend to have weak learning environments so there is little reading and few computers as these are seen as things we want, not need. Miriam’s daughter is more likely to have these materials which would mean her intellectual development would not be affected.

      Some strategies which could help – especially for Susan.

      • Financial support – Education Maintenance Allowance (EMA) in Wales for Susan’s daughter.
      • Specialist therapies – enhancement of self-esteem groups.
      • Susan could research strategies to help with development in Wales.

      Ymateb awgrymedig

      • Gallai Susan, er ei bod ar gyflog gwael, fod yn fodel rôl i'w merch. Gallai ysbrydoli ei merch i weithio yn y sector iechyd a gofal cymdeithasol yn y dyfodol. gallai hyn gysylltu â'r ddwy astudiaeth achos.
      • Efallai fod gan ferch Susan well dealltwriaeth o werth arian a'i bod yn gallu gwahaniaethu'n glir rhwng angen ac eisiau, ond mae'n bosibl na fydd merch Miriam yn gallu gwneud hyn yn glir.
      • Efallai y bydd merch Susan yn cael ei bwlio oherwydd efallai na fydd hi’n gallu ymuno â’r defnydd o rwydweithio cymdeithasol, e.e. WhatsApp, Facebook ac ati. Gallai hyn olygu y caiff ei hynysu. Fodd bynnag, ar nodyn cadarnhaol, ni fydd yn profi seiberfwlio a allai gael effaith ar ei datblygiad.
      • Efallai y bydd Susan yn cael ei bwlio oherwydd dillad a steil hefyd.
      • Datblygiad deallusol gwael i ferch Susan. Yn ôl Sefydliad Joseph Rowntree, mae teuluoedd tlotach yn tueddu i fod ag amgylcheddau dysgu gwan felly nid oes llawer o ddarllen ac ond ychydig o gyfrifiaduron, gwelir y rhain fel pethau rydym eu heisiau, nid eu hangen. Mae merch Miriam yn fwy tebygol o fod â'r deunyddiau hyn felly ni fydd ei datblygiad deallusol yn cael ei effeithio.

      Rhai strategaethau a allai helpu - yn arbennig i Susan.

      • Cymorth ariannol - Lwfans Cynhaliaeth Addysg (LCA) yng Nghymru i ferch Susan.
      • Therapïau arbenigol - gwella trwy grwpiau hunan-barch.
      • Gallai Susan ymchwilio i mewn i strategaethau sy’n helpu â datblygiad yng Nghymru.

      Material possessions

      Watch the video clip and identify some of the issues the children face due to living in poverty.

      Eiddo materol

      Gwyliwch y clip fideo a nodwch rai o'r materion mae'r plant yn eu hwynebu oherwydd eu bod yn byw mewn tlodi.

      Poor Kids Poor Kids