Culture is a term used to describe the way of life of a group of people. It refers to how they are expected to behave, what they tend to believe, and how they think.
Cultures are part of everyday society. There are different types of cultures in all societies, including:
There are 18 ethnic groups recommended for use by the government in Wales/England when they ask for someone’s ethnicity;
Facts and figures:
This is to do with racially-embedded differences in society. Also, this concept can be linked to multi-culturalism, which means when ethnic/racial groups live side-by-side in society.
As over 14% of the population in England and Wales are a different ethnic group to the white population, it is important that their diversity is celebrated. For example, within a care home, celebrations of a range of racial/ethnic-diverse festivals should be respected.
Defining religion is not a straightforward task. There are two main definitions –
How many different types of religions can you think of?
Mae Diwylliant yn derm a ddefnyddir i ddisgrifio ffordd o fyw grŵp o bobl. Mae’n cyfeirio at sut mae disgwyl iddyn nhw ymddwyn, beth maen nhw’n tueddu i’w gredu, a sut maen nhw’n meddwl.
Mae Diwylliannau'n rhan o gymdeithas pob dydd. Mae yna wahanol fathau o ddiwylliannau ym mhob cymdeithas, gan gynnwys:
Argymhellir 18 o grwpiau ethnig i'w defnyddio gan y llywodraeth yng Nghymru/Lloegr pan ydynt yn gofyn am ethnigrwydd rhywun;
Ffeithiau a ffigurau:
Mae hyn yn ymwneud â gwahaniaethau yn ymwneud â hil mewn cymdeithas. Hefyd, gellir cysylltu'r cysyniad hwn ag aml-ddiwylliannaeth, sy'n golygu sefyllfa pan fydd grwpiau ethnig/hiliol yn byw ochr yn ochr mewn cymdeithas.
Gan fod dros 14% o boblogaeth Cymru a Lloegr yn grŵp ethnig gwahanol i'r boblogaeth wen, mae'n bwysig bod eu hamrywiaeth yn cael ei dathlu. Er enghraifft, mewn cartref gofal, dylid parchu dathliadau ystod o wyliau hiliol/ethnig-amrywiol.
Nid tasg syml yw diffinio crefydd. Mae dau brif ddiffiniad –
Faint o wahanol fathau o grefyddau allwch chi feddwl amdanynt?
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A snapshot of religious affiliations throughout England and Wales in 2011:
Despite falling numbers, Christianity remained the largest religion with 59.3% of the population identifying themselves as Christian. Muslims made up the second largest religious group with 4.8% of the population. Between 2001 and 2011 there has been a decrease in the proportion of people who identify as Christian and an increase in those reporting to have no religion.
1. What was the biggest religion in England/Wales in 2011?
2. What was the differences between the number of Christians and Muslims in 2011?
Ciplun ar gysylltiadau crefyddol ledled Cymru a Lloegr yn 2011:
Er gwaethaf y ffaith bod niferoedd yn gostwng, Cristnogaeth oedd y grefydd fwyaf o hyd â 59.3% o'r boblogaeth yn uniaethu fel Cristnogion. Mwslimiaid oedd yr ail grŵp crefyddol mwyaf â 4.8% o'r boblogaeth. Rhwng 2001 a 2011 bu gostyngiad yng nghyfran y bobl sy'n uniaethu fel Cristnogion a chynnydd yn y rhai hynny sy'n datgan nad oes ganddynt grefydd.
1. Beth oedd y grefydd fwyaf yng Nghymru/Lloegr yn 2011?
2. Beth oedd y gwahaniaeth rhwng nifer y Cristnogion a Mwslimiaid yn 2011?
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Explain the positive and negative impact culture and religion can have on individuals’ health and well-being.
Factors/lifestyle choices that can affect individuals | Positive impact on health and well-being | Negative impact on health and well-being |
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Influence of others –
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Diet –
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Fasting –
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Medical intervention –
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Esboniwch yr effaith gadarnhaol a negyddol y gall diwylliant a chrefydd ei chael ar iechyd a llesiant unigolion.
Ffactorau/dewisiadau ffordd o fyw a all effeithio ar unigolion | Effaith gadarnhaol ar iechyd a llesiant | Effaith negyddol ar iechyd a llesiant |
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Dylanwad pobl eraill –
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Deiet –
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Ymprydio –
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Ymyriad meddygol –
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Factors/lifestyle choices that can affect individuals | Positive impact on health and well-being | Negative impact on health and well-being |
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Influence of others –
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Diet –
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Fasting –
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Medical intervention –
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Ffactorau/dewisiadau ffordd o fyw a all effeithio ar unigolion | Effaith gadarnhaol ar iechyd a llesiant | Effaith negyddol ar iechyd a llesiant |
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Dylanwad pobl eraill –
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Deiet –
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Ymprydio –
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Ymyriad meddygol –
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Dylan and Gethin are a married couple who live in a small village in Wales that has a strong feeling of community. Unfortunately, due to Gethin getting promoted, Dylan and Gethin will be moving to a large city in a different country.
Consider the possible effects the move could have on Dylan’s well-being.
Mae Dylan a Gethin yn bâr priod sy'n byw mewn pentref bach yng Nghymru sydd ag ymdeimlad cryf o gymuned. Yn anffodus, oherwydd bod Gethin yn cael dyrchafiad swydd, bydd Dylan a Gethin yn symud i ddinas fawr mewn gwlad wahanol.
Ystyriwch yr effeithiau posibl y gallai symud eu cael ar lesiant Dylan.
Suggested answers:
Dylan may:
Atebion awgrymedig:
Gallai Dylan:
Pick a key world religion and prepare a resource pack outlining how this religion could have a positive or negative impact on health and well-being.
You need to consider:
Dewiswch grefydd allweddol y byd a pharatowch becyn adnoddau yn amlinellu sut y gallai'r grefydd hon gael effaith gadarnhaol neu negyddol ar iechyd a llesiant.
Mae angen i chi ystyried:
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Sometimes, coming from a different cultural or religious background can have a negative effect on an individual’s health and well-being. Racial discrimination means treating people who are culturally different unfairly.
Discrimination could lead to:
Prejudice is a strongly held attitude towards a particular group which will often persist, even when shown to be unjustified or unfounded.
Can you think of any real life examples of prejudice which have happened in society and the impact this may have had on individuals’ health and well-being?
Weithiau, gall dod o gefndir diwylliannol neu grefyddol gwahanol gael effaith negyddol ar iechyd a llesiant unigolyn. Mae gwahaniaethu ar sail hil yn golygu trin pobl sy'n ddiwylliannol wahanol yn annheg.
Gallai gwahaniaethu arwain at:
Mae rhagfarn yn agwedd gref tuag at grŵp penodol a fydd yn parhau yn aml, hyd yn oed pan ddangosir ei fod yn anghyfiawn neu'n ddi-sail.
A allwch chi feddwl am unrhyw enghreifftiau bywyd go iawn o ragfarn sydd wedi digwydd mewn cymdeithas a’r effaith y gallai hyn fod wedi’i chael ar iechyd a llesiant unigolion?
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1. Why is it important to know about different cultures and religions when working in the health and social care sector?
1. Pam ei fod yn bwysig gwybod am wahanol ddiwylliannau a chrefyddau wrth weithio yn y sector iechyd a gofal cymdeithasol?
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Pollution is a substance that contaminates something, such as air or water, and may make it unsafe. Pollutants are taken into the body via the nose and mouth or through the skin. Pollution can cause respiratory problems, such as asthma, and other diseases, such as cancer and heart disease. The effects of pollution can be greater for individuals living through different life stages, such as infants, older people and individuals who are ill. There are various types of pollution. These include air pollution, noise pollution and water pollution.
People who live in cities and busy towns are more likely to be affected by pollution. Depending on the type and severity of the pollution, it can have a detrimental effect on well-being and can cause illness, allergies, stress and worry etc.
Mae llygredd yn golygu sylwedd sy'n halogi rhywbeth, megis aer neu ddŵr, ac a allai ei wneud yn anniogel. Mae llygryddion yn mynd i mewn i'r corff trwy'r trwyn a'r geg neu trwy'r croen. Gall llygredd achosi problemau resbiradol, megis asthma, a chlefydau eraill, megis canser a chlefyd y galon. Gall effeithiau llygredd fod yn fwy i unigolion sy'n byw trwy wahanol gyfnodau bywyd, megis babanod, pobl hŷn ac unigolion sy'n sâl. Mae mathau amrywiol o lygredd. Mae'r rhain yn cynnwys llygredd aer, llygredd sŵn a llygredd dŵr.
Mae pobl sy'n byw mewn dinasoedd a threfi prysur yn fwy tebygol o gael eu heffeithio gan lygredd. Yn dibynnu ar fath a difrifoldeb y llygredd, gall gael effaith niweidiol ar lesiant a gall achosi salwch, alergeddau, straen a phryder ac ati.
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Drag the health conditions to the correct columns.
Llusgwch y cyflyrau iechyd i'r colofnau cywir.
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Mike is 47 years old. He lives with his wife, who has lung cancer, son and grandson, in a very small flat in Wales. They live next to a very busy road and the council have announced that they are about to start a new housing development opposite their flat. The housing developers have warned that it will cause some problems with their water supply. Mike has just found some damp within his house and is extremely worried about the impact that pollution will have on his health and well-being.
Explain how pollution may impact Mike’s family’s health and well-being.
Mae Mike yn 47 blwydd oed. Mae'n byw gyda'i wraig, sydd â chanser yr ysgyfaint, ei fab a'i ŵyr, mewn fflat bach iawn yng Nghymru. Maent yn byw wrth ymyl ffordd brysur iawn ac mae'r cyngor wedi cyhoeddi eu bod ar fin cychwyn datblygiad tai newydd gyferbyn â'u fflat. Mae'r datblygwyr tai wedi rhybuddio y bydd yn achosi rhai problemau â'u cyflenwad dŵr. Mae Mike newydd darganfod rhywfaint o leithder yn ei dŷ ac mae'n poeni'n fawr am yr effaith y bydd llygredd yn ei chael ar ei iechyd a llesiant.
Esboniwch sut y gallai llygredd effeithio ar iechyd a llesiant teulu Mike.
Suggested answers:
Atebion awgrymedig:
Drag the words to the correct spaces.
Llusgwch y geiriau i'r bylchau cywir.
Air and noise pollution are more likely to occur in busy, built up areas, such as cities.
All types of pollution can affect development.
Air pollution puts people at risk from heart disease, lung cancer, and respiratory diseases, such as emphysema.
Water pollution can cause sickness, diarrhoea, vomiting , damage to body organs and, in severe cases, death.
Noise pollution can cause stress, anxiety and may affect sleep , therefore it can cause a person to become tired and irritable.
Air and noise pollution are more likely to occur in busy, built up areas, such as cities.
All types of pollution can affect development.
Air pollution puts people at risk from heart disease, lung cancer, and respiratory diseases, such as emphysema.
Water pollution can cause sickness, diarrhoea, vomiting , damage to body organs and in severe cases, death.
Noise pollution can cause stress, anxiety and may affect sleep, therefore it can cause a person to become tired and irritable.
You scored … out of . Move some of the terms around to try to improve your score.
Well done. You scored … out of .
You scored … out of . Click reset to try the activity again.
You scored … out of . Move some of the terms around to try to improve your score.
Well done. You scored … out of .
You scored … out of . Click reset to try the activity again.
Mae llygredd aer a sŵn yn fwy tebygol o ddigwydd mewn ardaloedd prysur, adeiledig, megis dinasoedd.
Gall pob math o lygredd effeithio ar ddatblygiad.
Mae llygredd aer yn rhoi pobl mewn perygl o glefyd y galon, canser yr ysgyfaint, a chlefydau resbiradol , megis emffysema.
Gall llygredd dŵr … achosi salwch, dolur rhydd, chwydu , niwed i organau’r corff a, mewn achosion difrifol, marwolaeth.
Gall llygredd sŵn achosi straen, gorbryder a gallai effeithio ar gwsg , felly gall beri i berson fynd yn flinedig ac yn bigog.
Mae llygredd aer a sŵn yn fwy tebygol o ddigwydd mewn ardaloedd prysur, adeiledig, megis dinasoedd.
Gall pob math o lygredd effeithio ar ddatblygiad.
Mae llygredd aer yn rhoi pobl mewn perygl o glefyd y galon, canser yr ysgyfaint, a chlefydau resbiradol , megis emffysema.
Gall llygredd dŵr … achosi salwch, dolur rhydd, chwydu, niwed i organau’r corff ac mewn achosion difrifol, marwolaeth.
Gall llygredd sŵn achosi straen, gorbryder a gallai effeithio ar gwsg, felly gall beri i berson fynd yn flinedig ac yn bigog.
Eich sgôr yw … allan o . Symudwch rhai o'r termau o gwmpas i geisio gwella eich sgôr.
Da iawn. Eich sgôr yw … allan o .
Eich sgôr yw … allan o . Cliciwch ‘ailosod’ er mwyn rhoi cynnig arall ar y gweithgaredd.
Eich sgôr yw … allan o . Symudwch rhai o'r termau o gwmpas i geisio gwella eich sgôr
Da iawn. Eich sgôr yw … allan o .
Eich sgôr yw … allan o . Cliciwch ‘ailosod’ er mwyn rhoi cynnig arall ar y gweithgaredd.
Hint 12: Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit. Modi est praesentium earum exercitationem, accusantium molestiae asperiores reiciendis aliquam doloribus, delectus, cumque odio omnis rem, aliquid et. Quisquam eius, incidunt ab.
Awgrymiadau 12: Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit. Modi est praesentium earum exercitationem, accusantium molestiae asperiores reiciendis aliquam doloribus, delectus, cumque odio omnis rem, aliquid et. Quisquam eius, incidunt ab.