Employers and workers' responsibilities with regard to infection prevention and control, including personal protection and recording procedures

Rôl a chyfrifoldebau cyflogwyr a gweithwyr o ran atal a rheoli haint gan gynnwys diogelu personol a gweithdrefnau cofnodi

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Clinical waste bin

Infectious diseases can spread from one individual to another. As with all illnesses, prevention is better than cure. In order to receive safe and effective care, the process of infection prevention and control must be part of the daily routine and everybody should follow the routine.

Employers and workers have a responsibility to ensure that all possible steps are taken to prevent the spread of infections. Good hygiene practices should be adopted at the setting. The best protection for infection prevention is hand washing and workers should set a good example for the children by ensuring that they take pride in their appearance and their personal hygiene. Employers need to ensure that workers make use of personal protective equipment to prevent the spread of infection. Workers must be aware of the instructions to follow in order to dispose of waste safely.

Public Health Wales' Health Protection Team are working closely with healthcare professionals to monitor infections and diseases in order to discover information about public health. Health partners such as health visitors, nurses, doctors and dentists have a responsibility for the health of children and this may be promoted by raising parents/carers' awareness of the importance of vaccinating their children at specific times.

Despite best efforts, infections and diseases will sometimes start in a setting and procedures must be in place to record and notify the authorities of infections and diseases amongst children and staff. This will all ensure that the workplace has effective policies and procedures for infection prevention and control.

Disposal of Waste

Every setting should have a health and safety policy in place stating how it will dispose of hazardous waste. In order to prevent the spread of infection, body waste such as blood, faeces, urine or saliva must be treated with care.

When disposing of waste, the following must be ensured:

  • any wounds or scratches must be covered
  • disposable gloves and apron should be worn
  • body waste must be covered with a solution such as bleach before being dried
  • nappies, gloves, aprons and bandages should be disposed of in a sealed bag and into a bin with a lid
  • hands should be washed carefully with antiseptic soap once the task is complete.

Personal Protection Equipment (PPE)

According to the 'Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) at Work Regulations 1992', employers are responsible for ensuring that appropriate equipment is available. Personal protective equipment will protect workers from the risks associated with health and safety. Equipment within a childcare setting may include disposable gloves and disposable aprons. Equipment must be checked regularly in order to ensure it is in good working order and ready to be used in an emergency. PPE should be used when coming into any contact with blood and/or other bodily fluids. Equipment should not be shared between different children. It should also be stored in a clean and dry place with easy access for staff but out of reach of children. It should be disposed of correctly in accordance with the setting's policy, and hands should be washed before wearing PPE and afterwards.

You should not:

  • reuse disposable PPE
  • use powder with gloves
  • use plastic gloves
  • use the same PPE with more than one child
  • dispose of PPE in the setting's general waste bins.

Immunisation

Immunisation is a method of protecting babies, children and young people against potentially very dangerous infectious diseases. Every child's immunisation status should be checked before starting school and during the periods when children are vaccinated.

Health partners such as health visitors, nurses or doctors must ensure that parents/carers are aware of the importance of immunisation and they should be encouraged to take their children for the appropriate vaccinations. Although parents/carers have the right to choose whether or not to consent to immunisation for their children, health partners have a duty to ensure that each child in the United Kingdom is invited to have their vaccinations. It is important that the setting keeps correct records of children's vaccinations.

Recording Procedures

According to the 'Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 2013', workers in early years or childcare settings have a duty to report accidents, occupational diseases and dangerous occurrences in the workplace. The record book will need to be completed and the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) or the Care Inspectorate will need to be informed if appropriate.

Workers should be aware that children, as well as workers, are susceptible to infectious diseases and that they have a responsibility to keep each child at the setting safe. The setting's policy on how to record infectious illnesses and diseases must be followed. If a child or member of staff at the setting falls ill, it should be recorded immediately. The following is an example of an illness recording form. There is a full list of notifiable diseases with guidelines with regard to how long a child should be kept off school following an infection or illness. The time will vary according to the disease.

Name of Child / Staff Member Date of Birth Start Date of Symptoms End Date of Symptoms Symptoms Action Taken Date of Notification for EHOs / HPT

Health Protection Team (HPT) Environmental Health Officers (EHO) (National Health Service, 2017)

Further Reading:

http://bit.ly/2Or5Ywi

Gall clefydau heintus ymledu o un unigolyn i’r llall. Fel gyda phob salwch, gwell rhwystro’r clwyf na’i wella. Er mwyn derbyn gofal diogel ac effeithiol, mae’n rhaid i’r broses o reoli ac atal heintiau fod yn rhan o ymarfer bob dydd a dylid sicrhau bod pawb yn dilyn y drefn.

Mae cyfrifoldeb gan gyflogwyr a gweithwyr i sicrhau bod pob cam posib yn cael ei gymryd i atal haint rhag lledaenu. Mae angen mabwysiadu arferion hylendid da o fewn y lleoliad. Yr amddiffyniad orau rhag atal heintiau yw golchi dwylo ac mae angen bod gweithwyr yn gosod esiampl dda i’r plant drwy sicrhau eu bod yn cymryd parch yn eu hymddangosiad a’u hylendid personol. Mae angen i gyflogwyr sicrhau bod gweithwyr yn gwneud defnydd o gyfarpar diogelu personol er mwyn atal haint rhag lledaenu. Rhaid i weithwyr fod yn ymwybodol o’r cyfarwyddiadau i’w dilyn yn sgil cael gwared â gwastraff yn ddiogel.

Mae Tîm Diogelu Iechyd (TDI) Iechyd Cyhoeddus Cymru yn gweithio’n agos gyda gweithwyr proffesiynol gofal iechyd gan fonitro heintiau ac afiechydon er mwyn darganfod gwybodaeth am iechyd y cyhoedd. Mae gan bartneriaid iechyd megis ymwelydd iechyd, y nyrs, y meddyg a’r deintydd gyfrifoldeb dros iechyd plant a gellir hyrwyddo hyn trwy godi ymwybyddiaeth rhieni/gofalwyr o bwysigrwydd rhoi brechiadau i’w plant ar yr amseroedd penodol.

Er pob ymdrech weithiau bydd heintiau ac afiechydon yn cychwyn o fewn lleoliad ac mae angen sicrhau bod gweithdrefnau ar gael i gofnodi a rhoi gwybod am heintiau ac afiechydon plant a staff. Bydd hyn oll yn sicrhau bod polisïau a gweithdrefnau’r gweithle ar gyfer atal a rheoli heintiau yn effeithiol.

Gwaredu Gwastraff

Dylai pob lleoliad gael polisi iechyd a diogelwch mewn lle sy’n nodi sut mae cael gwared â gwastraff peryglus. Er mwyn atal haint rhag lledaenu rhaid cymryd gofal wrth ymdrin â gwastraff y corff megis gwaed, carthion, troeth neu boer.

Wrth ymdrin â gwaredu gwastraff rhaid sicrhau bod:

  • unrhyw friw neu grafiad yn cael ei orchuddio
  • menig a ffedog dafladwy yn cael eu gwisgo
  • gwastraff y corff yn cael ei orchuddio gyda thoddiant megis cannydd (bleach) cyn ei sychu
  • cewynnau, menig, ffedogau a rhwymynnau clwyfau (bandages) yn cael eu gwaredu mewn bag dan sêl ac mewn bin â chaead
  • dwylo yn cael eu golchi yn ofalus gyda sebon antiseptig wedi cwblhau’r dasg.

Cyfarpar Diogelu Personol (CDP)

Yn ôl ‘Rheoliadau Cyfarpar Diogelu Personol yn y Gwaith 1992’ y cyflogwr sydd â’r cyfrifoldeb i sicrhau fod y cyfarpar priodol ar gael. Mae CDP yn gyfarpar a fydd yn diogelu gweithwyr rhag risgiau iechyd a diogelwch. Gall cyfarpar o fewn lleoliad gofal plant gynnwys menig tafladwy a ffedogau tafladwy. Mae’n rhaid bod y cyfarpar yn cael ei wirio’n rheolaidd er mwyn sicrhau eu bod mewn cyflwr da ac yn barod i’w defnyddio mewn argyfwng. Dylid defnyddio CDP pan fydd unrhyw gysylltiad gyda gwaed neu/a hylifau eraill o’r corff. Ni ddylid rhannu cyfarpar rhwng un plentyn â’r llall. Mae hefyd angen eu storio mewn lle glân a sych sydd yn rhwydd i staff cael gafael arnynt ond allan o afael plant. Dylid gwaredu yn gywir yn ôl polisi’r lleoliad gan olchi dwylo cyn gwisgo CDP ac ar ôl eu tynnu i ffwrdd.

Ni ddylid:

  • ailddefnyddio CDP tafladwy
  • defnyddio powdr gyda menig
  • defnyddio menig plastig
  • defnyddio'r un CPD gyda mwy nag un plentyn
  • taflu CPD i finiau cyffredin yn y lleoliad.

Imiwneiddio

Mae imiwneiddio yn ddull o ddiogelu babanod, plant a phobl ifanc yn erbyn clefydau heintus a all fod yn beryglus iawn. Dylai statws imiwneiddio pob plentyn gael ei wirio cyn dechrau’r ysgol ac yn ystod cyfnodau pan mae plant yn cael eu brechiadau.

Rhaid i bartneriaid iechyd megis yr ymwelydd iechyd, nyrs neu’r meddyg sicrhau bod rhieni/ gofalwr yn ymwybodol o bwysigrwydd imiwneiddio a dylid eu hannog i fynd a’u plant i gael y brechiadau priodol. Er mai rhieni/gofalwyr sydd â’r dewis ynglŷn â rhoi cydsyniad i’w plant gael eu himiwneiddio mae dyletswydd ar bartneriaid iechyd i drefnu bod pob plentyn yn y Deyrnas Unedig yn cael gwahoddiad i dderbyn eu brechiadau. Mae’n bwysig bod y lleoliad yn cadw cofnodion cywir o’r brechiadau mae’r plant wedi cael.

Gweithdrefnau Cofnodi

Yn ôl ‘Rheoliadau Adrodd ar Anafiadau, Clefydau neu Ddigwyddiadau Peryglus 2013’ mae gan y gweithiwr mewn lleoliad blynyddoedd cynnar neu ofal plant ddyletswydd i roi gwybod am ddamweiniau, clefydau galwedigaethol a digwyddiadau peryglus o fewn y gweithle. Bydd angen llenwi’r llyfr cofnodion a rhoi gwybod i’r Awdurdod Gweithredol Iechyd a Diogelwch AGID (Health and Safety Executive - HSE) neu’r Arolygaeth Gofal (Care Inspectorate) os yw hynny’n briodol.

Dylai’r gweithiwr fod yn ymwybodol bod plant, ynghyd â gweithwyr yn codi afiechydon heintus, a bod cyfrifioldeb i gadw pob plentyn yn y lleoliad yn ddiogel. Rhaid dilyn polisi’r lleoliad ar sut i gofnodi salwch ac afiechydon heintus. Os bydd plentyn neu aelod o staff o fewn y lleoliad yn datblygu salwch rhaid ei gofnodi yn syth. Dyma enghraifft o ffurflen gofnodi salwch. Mae yna restr lawn o glefydau y dylid rhoi gwybod amdanynt gyda chanllawiau am faint o amser y dylid cadw plentyn o’r ysgol yn sgil codi haint neu salwch. Mae’r amser yn amrywio yn ôl yr afiechyd.

Enw’r Plentyn / Staff Dyddiad Geni Dyddiad Dechrau’r Symptomau Dyddiad Gorffen y Symptomau Symptomau Camau a Gymerwyd Dyddiad Hysbyswyd SIA/ TDI

Tîm Diogelu Iechyd (TDI) Swyddogion Iechyd yr Amgylchedd (SIA) (Gwasanaeth Iechyd Genedlaethol, 2017)

Darllen Pellach:

http://bit.ly/2GFsGul

Employers and workers' responsibilities with regard to infection prevention and control, including personal protection and recording procedures

Complete the activity below.

Rôl a chyfrifoldebau cyflogwyr a gweithwyr o ran atal a rheoli haint gan gynnwys diogelu personol a gweithdrefnau cofnodi

Cwblhewch y gweithgaredd isod.

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The use of personal protective equipment to prevent the spread of infection

Drag the actions to the correct column.

Y defnydd o gyfarpar diogelu personol er mwyn atal haint rhag lledaenu

Llusgwch y gweithredoedd i’r golofn gywir.

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      How to maintain a clean environment to prevent the spread of infection

      Cadw amgylchedd glân er mwyn atal haint rhag lledaenu

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      Cleaning equipment

      The environment should be kept clean for the children to prevent the spread of infection. Children will play and socialise with many other children and are susceptible to a much higher number of germs than at home. Infections may spread between children and adults as well as from one child to another. Although contact with germs cannot be fully eliminated, the setting can ensure it is hygienic in order to minimise the risk that children will contract infectious diseases. Every early years and childcare setting should have a written policy in place explaining how this will be achieved.

      How to maintain a clean environment to prevent the spread of infection:

      • Avoid having too many children at the setting - Care Inspectorate Wales (CIW) guidelines state how much room is required for children.
      • Furniture, flooring, toys and equipment will need to be cleaned or washed Carpets may be hoovered and smooth flooring must be mopped on a daily basis.
      • Antiseptic solution may be used to clean toys and equipment.
      • The toilets will need to be checked several times a day.
      • Soft toys and dressing up clothes will need to be washed as and when required.
      • Check that there is no dirt in the sand pit and cover it if kept outdoors.
      • Change the water in the water pit daily as germs can spread quickly in water.
      • It is very important to keep any food areas clean. Care should be taken when preparing, serving and storing food.
      • All food kept in the refrigerator must be kept at the correct temperature, which is between 1 - 5° C (34-41°F).
      • Clean hands and equipment must be used to prepare and serve food.
      • Sufficient ventilation is required so that any bacteria spread by coughing and sneezing is dispersed. Windows may be opened but the setting should not be allowed to get too cold.
      • Surfaces should be cleaned on a daily basis.
      • If a toy has come into contact with a child who is unwell, the toy should be thrown in order to prevent the illness from spreading to the other children.
      • Throw toys and equipment where germs could breed.
      • If there are animals at the setting or if an animal comes to visit the setting, make sure they are not carrying any diseases.
      • If a child has a toileting accident, they must be cleaned immediately.
      • Use paper towels to dry your hands. They are more hygienic than towels as they are thrown once they have been used.
      • Teach the children that dirty tissues should be thrown.
      • Check the outdoor area for rubbish, animal faeces or rusty cans.
      • Dirty nappies, disposable towels and first aid materials should be disposed of appropriately, according to the setting's guidelines.
      • Ensure that rubbish bins have lids and that they are emptied regularly.
      • Ensure that parents/carers are aware of the fact that children should be kept at home if they are ill.

      Mae angen sicrhau bod yr amgylchedd yn lân ar gyfer y plant er mwyn atal haint rhag lledaenu. Bydd plant yn chwarae a chymdeithasu gyda llawer o blant eraill a byddant yn agored i lawer mwy o germau nag yn y cartref. Gall heintiau ledaenu rhwng plant ag oedolion yn ogystal â rhwng plant a’i gilydd. Er na ellir osgoi cyswllt gyda germau yn llwyr gellir sicrhau fod y lleoliad yn un hylan er mwyn lleihau’r risg bod y plentyn yn codi afiechydon heintus. Dylai pob lleoliad blynyddoedd cynnar a gofal plant gael polisi ysgrifenedig yn ei le sy’n esbonio sut bydd hyn yn cael ei gyflawni.

      Sut i gadw’r amgylchedd yn lân er mwyn atal haint rhag lledaenu:

      • Osgoi gormod o blant yn y lleoliad - mae canllawiau Arolygaeth Gofal Cymru (AGC) yn nodi faint o le sydd angen ar blant.
      • Bydd angen glanhau neu olchi dodrefn, lloriau, teganau ac offer. Gellir hwfro carpedi a rhaid rhoi mop dros loriau llyfn bob dydd.
      • Gellir defnyddio toddiant antiseptig (antiseptic solution) i lanhau teganau ac offer.
      • Bydd angen taro golwg ar y toiledau sawl gwaith bob dydd.
      • Bydd angen golchi teganau meddal a dillad gwisgo i fyny yn ôl y galw.
      • Gwirio fod y twb tywod yn rhydd o unrhyw faw gan ei orchuddio os yw tu allan.
      • Newid dŵr y twb dŵr yn ddyddiol gan fod germau yn lledaenu’n gyflym mewn pyllau dŵr.
      • Mae'n bwysig iawn cadw lle glân ar gyfer bwyd. Rhaid bod yn ofalus ynglŷn a lle caiff y bwyd ei baratoi, ei weini a'i storio.
      • Rhaid cadw'r holl fwyd mewn oergell ar y tymheredd iawn, sef rhwng 1 - 5° C ( 34-41°F ).
      • Rhaid cael dwylo ac offer glân i baratoi'r bwyd a'i weini.
      • Rhaid sicrhau bod digon o awyriad fel bod bacteria sy’n lledaenu trwy beswch a thisian yn cael eu gwasgaru. Gellir agor ffenestri ond rhaid bod yn ofalus nad yw’r lleoliad yn mynd yn rhy oer.
      • Dylid glanhau arwynebau yn ddyddiol.
      • Bydd angen taflu tegan os yw wedi bod mewn cyswllt â phlentyn sâl er mwyn atal y salwch rhag lledaenu rhwng plant eraill.
      • Taflu teganau ac offer os ydynt wedi torri, rhag i ermau sefydlu ynddynt.
      • Os oes anifeiliaid yn y lleoliad neu os oes anifail yn dod ar ymweliad rhaid sicrhau eu bod yn rhydd o afiechydon.
      • Os yw plentyn wedi cael damwain wrth fynd i’r toiled rhaid ei lanhau yn syth.
      • Defnyddiwch dywel papur i sychu dwylo. Maent yn fwy hylan na thywelion wrth iddynt gael eu taflu ar ôl eu defnyddio unwaith.
      • Dysgu’r plant bod angen taflu hancesi papur budr.
      • Gwirio’r ardal allanol am sbwriel, baw anifeiliaid neu ganiau sydd wedi rhydu.
      • Dylai cewynnau budr, tywelion tafladwy a deunydd cymorth cyntaf gael eu gwaredu’n briodol, yn ôl canllawiau’r lleoliad.
      • Gwneud yn siŵr bod caead dros finiau gwastraff a bydd angen eu gwagio’n rheolaidd.
      • Sicrhau bod rhieni/gofalwyr yn ymwybodol bod angen cadw plant adref os ydynt yn sâl.

      Maintaining a clean environment to prevent the spread of infection

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      Cadw amgylchedd glân er mwyn atal haint rhag lledaenu

      Llusgwch y llun at y datganiad cywir.

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            The importance of good personal hygiene to prevent the spread of infection

            Pwysigrwydd hylendid personol da er mwyn atal haint rhag lledaenu

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            Hair net

            Personal hygiene is one of the most important things with regard to ensuring that young children stay healthy. Personal hygiene includes hand washing, having a bath or shower, washing hair and brushing teeth. Young children will need help from an adult to learn to keep themselves clean. It is important to adopt high standards of hygiene in order to develop life skills and to help prevent the spread of infection. It is important that adults teach children about the importance of good hygiene.

            • Children need to learn to use the toilet. In order to do so, toilets of a suitable size for children are required. Some children will need help to get dressed and to undress to go to the toilet. As children learn to use the toilet successfully and to avoid accidents, this will contribute to the process of preventing the spread of infection.
            • Children will need to be taught to wash their hands and helped to do so before eating, after playing, making a mess and after going to the toilet. In order to do so on their own, they will need to be able to reach the sinks and towels and will need to learn how to pull up their sleeves to wash their hands. Learning to wash hands correctly will prevent the spread of infection. Paper towels are cleaner as they are only used once.
            • Bath time can be made fun for the children by ensuring that they have play resources in the bath such as plastic bottles, a water wheel and items that sink and swim. Every child should have their own flannel, soap and brush or comb to encourage independence. You can encourage the children to wash their own bodies and hair and to familiarise themselves with feeling the water running over their eyes. Singing songs at bath time is fun and helps the children to get used to the routine. Remember that children should not be left unsupervised at bath time.
            • It is important to give babies a toothbrush from a very early age for them to familiarise themselves with the item. Giving them the opportunity to watch the adults and other children brushing their teeth is considered good practice. The process associated with brushing their teeth should develop into a regular practice; every morning and night. It is not always possible to brush teeth after mealtimes but it is important to encourage this after the last meal of the day. Children will need help to brush their teeth and it is essential that the adult supervises the children in order to avoid poor practice. The teeth should be brushed for two minutes; half a minute for each section of the mouth. Eating a healthy diet that avoids sugary drinks will allow good hygiene with regard to the teeth and gums, thus preventing tooth decay. Visiting the dentist regularly contributes to teeth hygiene and will help to prevent the spread of infection. Some settings use the 'Designed to Smile' initiative where children are given the opportunity to brush their teeth together in a relaxed atmosphere. This happens in some nurseries and schools and is all done under supervision. This does not mean that the children are not required to brush their teeth twice a day at home.

            Further reading:

            https://www.designedtosmile.org/info/toothbrushing/

            This will all allow the children to develop independently and to understand the importance of good hygiene practice.

            • Adults will need to ensure good practice when changing nappies. If working in a childcare setting, they will need to wear disposable gloves when changing nappies and each used nappy will need to be placed in a sealed plastic bag and placed in a bin with a lid. It is then important to wash the hands in order to prevent any infections from being transmitted. The nappy changing area will need to be considered. Is everything required within easy reach, including the changing mat, nappies, cream, cleaning products and so forth, plastic bags, a bin with a lid, sink and paper towels?
            • Disposable gloves and apron should be worn when first aid is administered to a child. This protects the childcare worker and the child as infections can spread through wounds or scratches on the skin. All first aid products such as bandages, disposable gloves and apron should be disposed of appropriately, in accordance with the setting's guidelines.
            • Food must be handled carefully in order to prevent the spread of infection. Hands must be washed before touching any food and any wound or scratch on the hands must be covered. Long hair must be tied back and an apron must be worn before any preparation work. Every surface must be clean before undertaking any food preparation, and must also be cleaned again after the task has been completed. Cloths should be disinfected and changed regularly. When preparing food, no parts of the body should be touched, for example hair, nose or mouth, and sneezing or coughing should be avoided if possible.

            Hylendid personol yw un o'r pethau pwysicaf er mwyn sicrhau bod plant bach yn cadw'n iach. Mae hylendid personol yn cynnwys golchi dwylo, cael bath neu gawod, golchi gwallt a glanhau dannedd. Bydd angen cymorth yr oedolyn ar blant bach i’w dysgu i gadw eu hunain yn lân. Bydd mabwysiadu safonau uchel o hylendid personol yn bwysig ar gyfer datblygu sgiliau bywyd ac yn gymorth i atal haint rhag lledaenu. Mae’n bwysig bod oedolion yn dysgu’r plant am bwysigrwydd hylendid da.

            • Mae angen i blant ddysgu defnyddio'r toiled. Er mwyn iddynt allu gwneud hyn mae angen toiledau sydd o faint addas i blant. Bydd angen helpu rhai plant i wisgo a dadwisgo ar gyfer mynd i'r toiled. Wrth i blant ddysgu defnyddio’r toiled yn llwyddiannus gan osgoi damweiniau bydd hyn yn cyfrannu at y broses o atal haint rhag lledaenu.
            • Rhaid dysgu a helpu plant i olchi eu dwylo cyn iddynt fwyta, ar ôl chwarae, gwneud llanast ac ar ôl defnyddio'r toiled. Er mwyn iddynt wneud hyn ar eu pen eu hunain, bydd angen iddynt allu cyrraedd y sinciau a'r tywelion a bydd angen iddynt ddysgu sut i godi eu llewys er mwyn golchi eu dwylo. Bydd dysgu golchi dwylo yn gywir yn atal haint rhag lledaenu. Mae tywelion papur yn lanach gan mai dim ond unwaith y byddant yn cael eu defnyddio.
            • Gellir gwneud amser bath yn hwyl i’r plant drwy sicrhau eu bod yn cael adnoddau i chwarae yn y bath megis, poteli plastig, olwyn ddŵr a phethau sy’n suddo ac arnofio. Dylid gwneud yn siŵr fod gan y plant glwt ymolchi, sebon a brws neu grib eu hunain er mwyn annog annibyniaeth. Gallwch annog plant i olchi eu cyrff a’u gwallt eu hunain gan gyfarwyddo â theimlo’r dŵr yn rhedeg dros y llygaid. Mae canu caneuon yn ystod amser bath yn hwyl ac yn gymorth wrth ddod i arfer â’r drefn. Cofiwch na allwch adael plant heb oruchwyliaeth pan fyddant yn y bath.
            • Mae’n bwysig rhoi brws dannedd i faban yn gynnar iawn er mwyn cyfarwyddo â’r teclyn. Bydd rhoi cyfle i’r baban wylio’r oedolyn a phlant eraill yn golchi dannedd yn arfer da. Dylai’r broses golchi dannedd ddatblygu yn arfer sy’n digwydd yn rheolaidd; bob bore a nos. Nid yw bob amser yn bosib glanhau’r dannedd ar ôl prydiau bwyd ond mae’n bwysig i annog hyn ar ôl pryd olaf y dydd. Bydd angen cymorth ar blant i olchi eu dannedd ac mae’n hollbwysig bod yr oedolion yn goruchwylio’r plant er mwyn osgoi arferion gwael. Bydd angen golchi’r dannedd am ddwy funud; hanner munud ar gyfer pob adran o’r geg. Bydd bwyta deiet iach sy’n osgoi diodydd melys yn caniatáu hylendid da o’r dannedd a’r deintgig gan atal pydredd dannedd. Mae ymweld â’r deintydd yn gyson yn cyfrannu at hylendid y dannedd ac yn gymorth i atal haint rhag lledaenu. Mae rhai lleoliadau yn defnyddio’r fenter ‘Cynllun Gwên’ ble mae plant yn cael cyfle i frwsio eu dannedd gyda’i gilydd mewn awyrgylch hamddenol. Bydd hyn yn digwydd mewn rhai meithrinfeydd ac ysgolion ac mae’r cyfan o dan oruchwyliaeth. Nid yw hyn yn golygu na fydd angen i’r plant frwsio eu dannedd ddwywaith y dydd pan fyddant adref.

            Darllen pellach:

            http://bit.ly/2LU2W1A

            Bydd hyn oll yn caniatáu plant i ddatblygu’n annibynnol ac i ddeall pwysigrwydd ymarfer hylendid da.

            • Bydd angen i’r oedolion sicrhau ymarfer da wrth newid cewyn. Os yn gweithio mewn lleoliad gofal plant bydd angen gwisgo menig tafladwy pan yn newid cewyn a rhaid rhoi pob cewyn sydd wedi'i ddefnyddio mewn bag plastig dan sêl cyn rhoi'r cyfan mewn bin â chaead arno. Yna, mae'n bwysig golchi'r dwylo, er mwyn osgoi trosglwyddo heintiau. Mae angen ystyried yr ardal lle bydd y newid cewynnau yn digwydd. Ydy popeth sydd ei angen o fewn cyrraedd yn rhwydd gan gynnwys mat newid, cewynnau, eli, pethau glanhau ac ati, bagiau plastig, bin â chaead arno, sinc a thyweli papur?
            • Bydd angen gwisgo menig a ffedog dafladwy pan fydd angen rhoi cymorth cyntaf i blentyn. Mae hyn yn amddiffyn yr ymarferwr a’r plentyn gan fod haint yn medru lledaenu trwy friw neu grafiad ar y croen. Bydd rhaid sicrhau bod pob deunydd cymorth cyntaf megis rhwymynnau clwyfau, menig a’r ffedog dafladwy yn cael eu gwaredu’n briodol, yn ôl canllawiau’r lleoliad.
            • Mae angen trin a thrafod bwyd yn ofalus er mwyn atal haint rhag lledaenu. Bydd rhaid golchi dwylo cyn cyffwrdd ag unrhyw fwyd ac fe fydd angen gorchuddio unrhyw grafiad neu friw sydd ar y dwylo. Bydd angen sicrhau bod gwallt hir yn cael ei glymu yn ôl a gwisgo ffedog cyn gwneud unrhyw waith paratoi. Rhaid sicrhau bod pob arwyneb yn lân cyn dechrau paratoi bwyd gan wneud yn siŵr eu bod yn lân eto ar ôl gorffen. Dylai clytiau gael eu diheintio a’u newid yn rheolaidd. Wrth baratoi bwyd ni ddylid cyffwrdd â mannau o’r corff megis y gwallt, y trwyn na’r geg, gan geisio peidio tisian neu beswch.

            The importance of good personal hygiene to prevent the spread of infection

            Use the thought shower to note as many ways of ensuring good personal hygiene as you can think of.

            Pwysigrwydd hylendid personol da er mwyn atal haint rhag lledaenu

            Defnyddiwch y gawod syniadau i nodi cynifer ag y gallwch o ffyrdd o sicrhau hylendid personol da.

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            How to ensure good personal hygiene amongst children and staff in order to prevent the spread of infection? Sut i sicrhau hylendid personol da ymysg plant a staff er mwyn atal haint rhag lledaenu?

            Possible answers

            • children should wash their hands before eating, after playing, making a mess and after going to the toilet
            • learning how to pull their sleeves up in order to wash their hands
            • having a bath or shower; washing their hair
            • offering them their own flannel, soap and brush or comb to encourage independence
            • singing songs during wash time helps the children get used to the process
            • brushing teeth
            • giving babies the opportunity to watch the adults and other children brushing their teeth
            • the process associated with brushing their teeth should develop into a regular practice
            • the teeth should be brushed for two minutes; half a minute for each section of the mouth
            • eating a healthy diet prevents tooth decay
            • visiting the dentist regularly
            • using the 'Designed to Smile' initiative at the setting
            • the staff should wear disposable gloves when changing nappies
            • each used nappy will need to be placed in a sealed plastic bag and placed in a bin with a lid
            • washing your hands in order to prevent any infections from being transmitted
            • wearing disposable gloves and apron when administering first aid to a child
            • ensuring that all first aid products are disposed of appropriately, in accordance with the setting's guidelines
            • washing your hands before touching food
            • covering any wounds or scratches on the hands
            • tying long hair back and wearing an apron when preparing and serving food
            • ensuring that every surface is clean before undertaking any food preparation, and cleaning them again after the task has been completed
            • disinfecting cloths
            • not touching parts of the body when preparing food
            • where possible, avoiding sneezing or coughing when preparing and serving food.

            Atebion posib

            • y plant i olchi eu dwylo cyn bwyta, ar ôl chwarae, gwneud llanast ac ar ôl defnyddio'r toiled
            • dysgu sut i godi eu llewys er mwyn golchi eu dwylo
            • cael bath neu gawod; golchi’r gwallt
            • cynnig clwt ymolchi, sebon a brws neu grib eu hunain er mwyn annog annibyniaeth
            • canu caneuon yn ystod amser ymolchi yn gymorth wrth ddod i arfer
            • glanhau’r dannedd
            • rhoi cyfle i’r baban wylio’r oedolyn a phlant eraill yn golchi dannedd
            • angen i'r broses golchi dannedd ddatblygu’n arfer sy’n digwydd yn rheolaidd
            • angen golchi’r dannedd am ddwy funud; hanner munud ar gyfer pob adran o’r geg
            • bwyta diet iach yn atal pydredd dannedd
            • ymweld â’r deintydd yn gyson
            • defnyddio’r fenter ‘ Cynllun Gwên’ o fewn y lleoliad
            • y staff i wisgo menig tafladwy wrth newid cewyn
            • rhoi pob cewyn sydd wedi'u ddefnyddio mewn bag plastig dan sêl cyn rhoi'r cyfan mewn bin â chaead arno
            • golchi'ch dwylo, er mwyn osgoi trosglwyddo heintiau
            • gwisgo menig a ffedog dafladwy wrth ymdrin ag achos cymorth cyntaf i blentyn
            • sicrhau bod pob deunydd cymorth cyntaf yn cael eu gwaredu’n briodol, yn ôl canllawiau’r lleoliad
            • golchi eich dwylo cyn cyffwrdd â bwyd
            • gorchuddio unrhyw grafiad neu friw sydd ar y dwylo
            • clymu gwallt hir yn ôl a gwisgo ffedog wrth baratoi a gweini bwyd
            • sicrhau bod pob arwyneb yn lân cyn dechrau paratoi bwyd a’u glanhau eto ar ôl gorffen
            • diheintio clytiau
            • peidio cyffwrdd â mannau o’r corff wrth baratoi bwyd
            • ceisiwch beidio tisian neu beswch wrth baratoi a gweini bwyd

            The recognised hand washing technique to prevent the spread of infection

            Y dechneg golchi dwylo sydd wedi’i chydnabod er mwyn atal haint rhag lledaenu

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            Washing hands

            Infections are mainly transmitted by the hands as hands come into contact with so many things that may contain germs. If hands are not washed after such contact, the germs will spread.

            The importance of hand washing should be discussed with the children and they should be shown when to do so and how to do so correctly. It is important that they are regularly supervised. Placing posters in hand washing areas is useful to remind the children of the technique and the steps to follow.

            Children should wash their hands after:

            • any dirty activity
            • going to the toilet
            • sneezing and blowing their nose
            • outdoor play, or sand and water play
            • touching and handling animals
            • touching contaminated equipment or materials
            • tidying and cleaning

            The hand washing technique

            1. Wet your hands using warm water.
            2. Use a liquid soap.
            3. Create a foam and rub the hands (20 seconds).
            4. Rinse (10 seconds).
            5. Dry your hands.
            6. Turn the tap off.

            Remember to wash:

            • between your fingers
            • under your nails
            • the back of your hands.

            Gyda dwylo mae heintiau yn lledaenu gan fwyaf wrth i ddwylo gyffwrdd â chymaint o bethau sy’n gallu cynnwys germau. Os na chaiff y dwylo eu golchi ar ôl cyffwrdd â’r rhain bydd germau yn lledaenu.

            Mae angen trafod gyda phlant y pwysigrwydd o olchi dwylo ac mae angen dangos iddynt pryd i wneud a sut i’w wneud yn gywir. Mae’n bwysig eu bod yn cael eu goruchwylio yn rheolaidd. Mae gosod posteri i fyny mewn mannau golchi yn fuddiol er mwyn atgoffa’r plant o’r dechneg a’r camau sydd angen eu dilyn.

            Dylai’r plant olchi eu dwylo ar ôl:

            • unrhyw weithred fudr
            • defnyddio’r toiled
            • tisian a chwythu’r trwyn
            • chwarae tu allan, neu gyda thywod a dŵr
            • cyffwrdd a thrin anifeiliaid
            • cyffwrdd ag offer neu ddeunydd sydd wedi’u halogi
            • tacluso a glanhau

            Y dechneg golchi dwylo

            1. Gwlychwch eich dwylo o dan ddŵr cynnes.
            2. Defnyddiwch sebon hylif.
            3. Gwnewch ewyn (foam) a rhwbiwch (20 eiliad).
            4. Rinsio (10 eiliad).
            5. Sychwch eich dwylo.
            6. Trowch y tap i ffwrdd.

            Cofiwch olchi:

            • rhwng eich bysedd
            • dan eich ewinedd
            • cefn eich dwylo.

            Hand washing technique

            Drag the actions and place them in the order you think is correct.

            Y dechneg golchi dwylo

            Llusgwch y camau a’u gosod yn y drefn rydych chi’n credu sy’n gywir.

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            Hand washing technique

            Write down what you see in the picture.

            Y dechneg golchi dwylo

            Ysgrifennwch yr hyn rydych yn gweld yn y llun.

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            Wet your hands using warm water
            Wet your hands using warm water Gwlychwch eich dwylo o dan ddŵr cynnes
            Use a liquid soap
            Use a liquid soap Defnyddiwch sebon hylif
            Create a foam and rub the hands (20 seconds)
            Create a foam and rub the hands (20 seconds) Gwnewch sebon a rhwbiwch (20 eiliad)
            Rinse (10 seconds)
            Rinse (10 seconds) Rinsio (10 eiliad)
            Dry your hands
            Dry your hands Sychwch eich dwylo
            Turn the tap off
            Turn the tap off Trowch y tap i ffwrdd