Different types of bullying and its potential impact

Mathau gwahanol o fwlio a’i effaith posibl

Bullying

Bullying is aggressive or insulting behaviour by an individual or group, often repeated over a period of time and which intentionally causes anxiety or harm. Bullying can have a destructive effect on the lives of children and young people. For some, it may have long-term emotional impacts causing distress and harming social and emotional development.

Various types of bullying are possible and may take the form of a single type or a mixture of the types listed below.

  • Physical – boys experience violence and more physical threats when bullied, but physical assaults on girls by other girls are becoming more common. This may include hitting, kicking, stealing, hiding possessions, sexual violence and harassment.
  • Verbal – the most common type of bullying including name calling, insults, mockery because of individuals characteristics, ethnic origin, nationality, skin colour, sex or disability.
  • Emotional – Starting unfounded rumours, refusal to speak to someone, exclusion from groups.
  • Cyberbullying – sending malicious messages by email, setting up a malicious blog or sending a malicious or text by mobile phone. Social media sites or messaging services such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Snapchat, WhatsApp etc are perfect places for cyberbulling.
  • Homophobic – it can take the form of physical, verbal or emotional bullying on the basis of alleged sexuality or not.
  • Racial – it can take the form of physical, verbal or emotional bullying on the basis of race.

Potential impacts on bullying on children and young people:

  • low self-esteem
  • depression
  • isolation
  • lack of concentration
  • poor academic performance
  • suicide
  • causing distress and isolation
  • running away
  • shyness
  • preventing social and emotional development.

Bwlio yw ymddygiad ymosodol neu sarhaus gan unigolyn neu grŵp, sy’n aml yn cael ei ailadrodd dros gyfnod ac yn creu gofid neu niwed yn fwriadol. Mae bwlio’n medru cael effaith ddinistriol ar fywydau plant a phobl ifanc. I rai, gall greu effeithiau emosiynol yn y tymor hir sy’n achosi gofid a niwed i ddatblygiad cymdeithasol ac emosiynol.

Mae sawl math o fwlio’n bosibl ac fe all fod yn un neu’n gymysgedd o’r mathau a restrir isod.

  • Corfforol – mae bechgyn yn profi trais a bygythiadau mwy corfforol wrth gael eu bwlio, ond mae ymosodiadau corfforol ar ferched gan ferched eraill yn dod yn fwy cyffredin. Gall hyn gynnwys taro, cicio, dwyn, cuddio eiddo, trais rhyw ac aflonyddwch.
  • Llafar – y math mwyaf cyffredin o fwlio sy’n cynnwys galw enwau, sarhau, bychanu oherwydd nodweddion unigol, tarddiad ethnig, cenedl, lliw croen, rhyw neu anabledd.
  • Emosiynol – cychwyn sibrydion di-sail, peidio siarad â rhywun, eithrio o grwpiau.
  • Seiber-fwlio – anfon negeseuon maleisus drwy e-bost, sefydlu blog maleisus ei natur neu anfon testun neu neges faleisus ar ffôn symudol. Mae gwefannau cyfryngau cymdeithasol neu wasanaethau negeseuon fel Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Snapchat, WhatsApp ac ati yn lleoliadau perffaith i Seiber-fwlio.
  • Homoffobaidd – gall fod yn fwlio corfforol, geiriol neu emosiynol ar sail rhywioldeb honedig neu beidio.
  • Hiliol – gall fod yn fwlio corfforol, geiriol neu emosiynol ar sail hil.

Effeithiau posibl bwlio ar blant a phobl ifanc:

  • hunan-barch isel
  • iselder
  • bod yn ynysig
  • diffyg canolbwyntio
  • cyflawniad academaidd gwael
  • hunanladdiad
  • peri gofid a’u hynysu
  • rhedeg i ffwrdd
  • swildod
  • rhwystro datblygiad cymdeithasol ac emosiynol.

Different types of bullying and its potential impact

Different types of bullying. Choose what is considered to be bullying.

Mathau gwahanol o fwlio a’i effaith posibl

Mathau gwahanol o fwlio. Dewiswch beth sydd yn cael ei ystyried yn fwlio.