Female genital mutilation (FGM) is the partial or total removal of external female genitalia for non-medical reasons. This is also known as female circumcision or cutting.

Anffurfio organau cenhedlu benywod (FGM) yw tynnu organau cenhedlu allanol benyw un ai yn gyfan gwbl neu'n rhannol oherwydd rhesymau heb fod yn rhai meddygol. Mae hyn hefyd yn cael ei alw'n anwaedu neu dorri organau cenhedlu benywod.

It is usually practiced for cultural or religious reasons and is believed to control female sexuality.

However, as individuals with no medical training usually perform the procedure on girls that have been given no anaesthetic or antiseptic treatment, and are often forcibly restrained, it can cause severe and long-lasting damage to physical and emotional health.

Mae fel arfer yn cael ei wneud am resymau diwylliannol neu grefyddol a chredir ei fod yn rheoli rhywioldeb benywod.

Fodd bynnag, gan fod unigolion heb hyfforddiant meddygol fel arfer yn trin merched heb roi unrhyw anaesthetig neu driniaeth antiseptig iddyn nhw, ac maen nhw'n aml yn cael eu gorfodi drwy rym, gall achosi niwed difrifol a pharhaol i iechyd corfforol ac emosiynol.

Study the data and answer the questions.

Astudiwch y data ac atebwch y cwestiynau.

Question 1

Cwestiwn 1

Which country has the highest percentage of babies and very young children undergoing the procedure?

Ym mha wlad mae'r ganran fwyaf o fabanod a phlant ifanc iawn yn cael y driniaeth hon?

Chart showing Percentage distribution of ages at which girls have undergone FGM (as reported by their mothers) Chart showing Percentage distribution of ages at which girls have undergone FGM (as reported by their mothers)

Suggested response: Nigeria

Ymateb awgrymedig: Nigeria

Question 2

Cwestiwn 2

Which country has the highest number of females between the ages of 15 and 49 who have undergone the procedure?

Ym mha wlad mae'r nifer mwyaf o fenywod rhwng 15 a 49 oed sydd wedi cael y driniaeth hon?

Map showing percentage of girls and women aged 15 to 49 years who have undergone FGM, by country Map showing percentage of girls and women aged 15 to 49 years who have undergone FGM, by country

Suggested response: Somalia

Ymateb awgrymedig: Somalia

Question 3

Cwestiwn 3

Across all of the countries in Africa that practice FGM, the percentage of women from the wealthiest households that believe that the practice should continue is less than the percentage of women from the poorest households. Why do you think this is?

Ar draws yr holl wledydd yn Affrica sy'n arfer FGM, mae canran y menywod o'r aelwydydd mwyaf cyfoethog sy'n credu dylai'r arfer barhau yn llai na chanran y menywod o'r aelwydd tlotaf. Pam hynny, yn eich barn chi?

Chart showing percentage of girls and women aged 15 to 49 years who think the practice of FGM should continue. Chart showing percentage of girls and women aged 15 to 49 years who think the practice of FGM should continue.
Source: Unicef 2018Ffynhonnell: Unicef 2018

Suggested response: The wealthiest households will also be the most educated households. These type of practices are always more common amongst groups with a low level of education who have a strong connection to traditional practices and customs.

Ymateb awgrymedig: Yr aelwydydd mwyaf cyfoethog fydd yr aelwydydd mwyaf addysgedig hefyd. Mae'r mathau hyn o arferion bob amser yn fwy cyffredin ymhlith grwpiau â lefel isel o addysg sydd â chysylltiad cryf ag arferion traddodiadol.

Question 4

Cwestiwn 4

Study the data returned from the health boards across Wales on the number of reported FGM cases. Why do you think that the data shows that the majority of cases are in South Wales with only a few reported in North Wales?

Astudiwch y data a roddwyd gan y byrddau iechyd ar draws Cymru ynghylch nifer yr achosion FGM y rhoddwyd gwybod amdanyn nhw. Yn eich barn chi, pam mae'r data yn dangos bod mwyafrif yr achosion yn Ne Cymru ac mai prin yw'r achosion y rhoddwyd gwybod amdanyn nhw yng Ngogledd Cymru?

Reported FGM by Health Organisation

Anffurfio organau cenhedlu benywod y rhoddwyd gwybod amdano yn ôl sefydliad iechyd

Table showing reported FGM by Hath organisation Table showing reported FGM by Hath organisation
*Denotes data item is <5 so suppressed due to risk of disclosure *Yn dynodi bod eitem data <5 felly yn guddiedig oherwydd y risg o ddatgelu

Suggested response: Girls are more at risk when they live in communities that practice FGM. South Wales has a higher number of African communities than anywhere else in Wales.

Ymateb awgrymedig: Mae mwy o risg i ferched pan fyddan nhw'n byw mewn cymunedau lle mae anffurfio organau cenhedlu benywod yn cael ei arfer. Mae mwy o gymunedau Affricanaidd yn Ne Cymru nag yn unrhyw ran arall o Gymru.