People may also have long-term conditions that have no cure and will require care and support.

Efallai y bydd gan bobl gyflyrau hirdymor hefyd na fyddant yn gwella ohonynt ac y bydd angen gofal a chymorth arnynt.

Syringe and vials

Conditions can include:

  • obesity
  • diabetes
  • heart disease
  • arthritis
  • dementia
  • cancer.

Individuals may require ongoing medical appointments with their GP and hospital consultants.

There may also be a need for other professionals to be involved. For example:

  • an individual in the early stages of dementia may be able to live independently at home for a period of time, with the support of home carers.
  • an individual with arthritis may benefit from an occupational therapist suggesting aids and adaptations for their home to enable them to live independently.

Gall y cyflyrau gynnwys:

  • gordewdra
  • diabetes
  • clefyd y galon
  • arthritis
  • dementia
  • canser.

Efallai y bydd angen i unigolion fynd i apwyntiadau meddygol gyda'u meddyg teulu a meddygon ymgynghorol yn yr ysbyty.

Efallai y bydd angen cynnwys gweithwyr proffesiynol eraill hefyd. Er enghraifft:

  • efallai y bydd unigolyn ar gam cynnar dementia yn gallu byw'n annibynnol yn ei gartref am gyfnod o amser, gyda chymorth gofalwyr cartref.
  • gall unigolyn ag arthritis elwa ar gyngor gan therapydd galwedigaethol ar gymhorthion ac addasiadau i'w gartref er mwyn ei alluogi i fyw'n annibynnol.

Obesity

Gordewdra

Obesity

Obesity is when an individual carries too much weight for their height and gender. It is a major public health issue.

It can cause short term conditions such as shortness of breath, difficulty sleeping and back and joint pain. It can also lead to depression, due to low self-esteem and lack of self-confidence.

Long term health problems such as heart disease and stroke are more common in obese individuals as a result of high blood pressure and high cholesterol which can lead to a narrowing of the arteries.

Obese individuals are also at greater risk of developing Type 2 diabetes and certain types of cancer including colon and breast cancer.

In order to prevent obesity individuals should take regular exercise and eat healthily.

The extent of the problem is so severe that the Welsh Government have developed the Obesity Pathway Tool for Health Boards and Local Authorities. The tool has four tiers and describes minimum service requirements and best practice.

The four tiers are:

  • Level 1: Community based prevention and early intervention (self-care)
  • Level 2: Community and primary care weight management services
  • Level 3: Specialist multi-disciplinary team weight management services
  • Level 4: Specialist medical and surgical services.

Further reading:
http://www.wales.nhs.uk/sitesplus/888/page/52135
https://www.bda.uk.com/about/executive/boards/wales_board_call_to_action


Childhood obesity

The Child Measurement Programme was set up by Public Health Wales as a surveillance programme to measure the height and weight of all children aged 4 – 5 years old across Wales. In doing this they are better able to provide the appropriate services and support required.

In the latest Child Measurement Programme Report (2016-17) it was stated that just less than a quarter of children in Wales are obese.

Children who are overweight or obese can develop health issues such as fatty liver deposits, gall stones and breathing problems. It can also severely affect their self-esteem.

Research has shown that children who are overweight or obese will continue to be overweight through adolescence and adulthood, which will lead to further health problems.

In response to the growing childhood obesity problem Public Health Wales launched Every Child Wales which sets out a ten step programme to healthy weight.

Further reading:
http://www.wales.nhs.uk/sitesplus/888/page/72475
http://everychildwales.co.uk/

Gordewdra yw pan fo unigolyn yn cario gormod o bwysau i'w daldra a'i ryw. Mae'n broblem fawr o ran iechyd y cyhoedd.

Gall achosi cyflyrau byrdymor fel diffyg anadl, anawsterau cysgu a phoen yn y cefn a'r cymalau. Gall hefyd arwain at iselder, o ganlyniad i lefel isel o hunan-barch a diffyg hunanhyder.

Mae problemau iechyd hirdymor fel clefyd y galon a strôc yn fwy cyffredin ymhlith unigolion gordew o ganlyniad i bwysedd gwaed uchel a cholesterol uchel sy'n gallu culhau'r rhydwelïau.

Mae unigolion gordew hefyd yn wynebu risg uwch o ddatblygu diabetes Math 2 a mathau penodol o ganser, gan gynnwys canser y colon a chanser y fron.

Er mwyn atal gordewdra, dylai unigolion wneud ymarfer corff yn rheolaidd a bwyta'n iach.

Mae'r broblem mor ddifrifol nes bod Llywodraeth Cymru wedi datblygu Adnodd Llwybr Gordewdra ar gyfer Byrddau Iechyd ac Awdurdodau Lleol. Mae pedair haen i'r adnodd ac mae'n disgrifio gofynion gwasanaeth sylfaenol ac arfer gorau.

Y pedair haen yw:

  • Lefel 1: Camau atal ac ymyriadau cynnar yn y gymuned (hunanofal)
  • Lefel 2: Gwasanaethau rheoli pwysau yn y gymuned a thrwy ofal sylfaenol
  • Lefel 3: Gwasanaethau rheoli pwysau gan dîm amlddisgyblaethol arbenigol
  • Lefel 4: Gwasanaethau meddygol a llawfeddygol arbenigol.

Darllen pellach:
http://www.wales.nhs.uk/sitesplus/888/tudalen/52186
https://www.bda.uk.com/about/executive/boards/wales_board_call_to_action


Gordewdra ymhlith plant

Cafodd y Rhaglen Mesur Plant ei sefydlu gan Iechyd Cyhoeddus Cymru fel rhaglen wyliadwraeth i fesur taldra a phwysau pob plentyn 4-5 oed yng Nghymru. Drwy wneud hyn, mae mewn sefyllfa well i ddarparu'r gwasanaethau a'r cymorth sydd eu hangen.

Yn Adroddiad diweddaraf y Rhaglen Mesur Plant (2016-17), nodwyd bod ychydig llai na chwarter o blant yng Nghymru yn ordew.

Gall plant sydd dros bwysau neu'n ordew ddatblygu problemau iechyd fel gwaddodion braster yn yr afu, cerrig bustl a phroblemau anadlu. Gall hefyd gael effaith ddifrifol ar eu hunan-barch.

Mae ymchwil wedi dangos y bydd plant sydd dros bwysau neu'n ordew yn parhau i fod dros bwysau drwy gydol eu llencyndod a phan fyddant yn oedolion, a fydd yn arwain at ragor o broblemau iechyd.

Mewn ymateb i broblem gynyddol gordewdra ymhlith plant, lansiodd Iechyd Cyhoeddus Cymru Pob Plentyn Cymru, sy'n amlinellu rhaglen deg cam i bwysau iach.

Darllen pellach:
http://www.wales.nhs.uk/sitesplus/888/tudalen/73310
http://everychildwales.co.uk/?lang=cy

Obesity

Watch the video and then discuss what could be done to prevent obesity.

Gordewdra

Gwyliwch y fideo ac yna trafodwch beth y gellid ei wneud er mwyn atal gordewdra.

Diabetes

Diabetes

Diabetes

Wales has the highest number of cases of Diabetes in the UK.

There are approximately 191,000 individuals living with the condition.

Only 10% have Type 1 diabetes and the other 90% have Type 2; which is preventable.

Type 1 diabetes is a serious, lifelong condition where your blood glucose level is too high because your body can't make a hormone called insulin.

This type of diabetes has nothing to do with diet or lifestyle, it just happens and experts are unclear why that is.

Symptoms include needing to wee a lot, being really thirsty, being really tired and losing lots of weight.

Treatment for this type of diabetes involves injecting yourself daily with insulin or using an insulin pump which delivers a constant supply of insulin into your body. This keeps your glucose levels under control.

Type 2 diabetes is also a serious, lifelong condition where the insulin your pancreas makes can’t work properly, or your pancreas can’t make enough insulin.

The symptoms are the same as Type 1 diabetes, however some individuals don't get any symptoms or they are very mild, which means that they can go undiagnosed for up to ten years.

As this type of diabetes is related to diet and lifestyle, you can manage the condition by eating healthily, taking regular exercise and losing weight. You may also need insulin medication to bring your glucose levels under control.

For more information visit Diabetes UK https://www.diabetes.org.uk/

Mae gan Gymru y nifer fwyaf o achosion o Ddiabetes yn y DU.

Mae tua 191,000 o unigolion yn byw gyda'r cyflwr.

Dim ond 10% sydd â diabetes Math 1 ac mae gan y 90% sy'n weddill ddiabetes Math 2; y gellir ei atal.

Mae diabetes Math 1 yn gyflwr difrifol, gydol oes lle mae lefel y glwcos yn eich gwaed yn rhy uchel am na all eich corff wneud hormon o'r enw inswlin.

Nid oes gan ddiabetes ddim byd i'w wneud â deiet na ffordd o fyw. Mae'n digwydd ond nid yw'r arbenigwyr yn gwybod pam.

Gall symptomau gynnwys yr angen i basio dŵr yn aml, teimlo'n sychedig iawn, yn flinedig iawn a cholli llawer o bwysau.

Mae triniaeth ar gyfer y math hwn o ddiabetes yn cynnwys chwistrellu eich hun yn ddyddiol ag inswlin neu ddefnyddio pwmp inswlin sy'n rhoi cyflenwad cyson o inswlin yn eich corff. Mae hyn yn cadw lefel eich glwcos o dan reolaeth.

Mae diabetes Math 2 hefyd yn gyflwr difrifol, gydol oes lle na all yr inswlin a wneir gan eich pancreas weithio'n iawn, neu lle na all eich pancreas wneud digon o inswlin.

Mae'r symptomau hyn yr un peth â diabetes Math 1. Fodd bynnag, ni fydd rhai unigolion yn cael unrhyw symptomau neu fe fyddant yn rhai ysgafn iawn, sy'n golygu na fyddant yn cael diagnosis efallai am hyd at ddeng mlynedd.

Gan fod y math hwn o ddiabetes yn gysylltiedig â deiet a ffordd o fyw, gallwch reoli'r cyflwr drwy fwyta'n iach, gwneud ymarfer corff rheolaidd a cholli pwysau. Efallai y bydd angen meddyginiaeth inswlin arnoch hefyd i reoli lefelau'r glwcos.

I gael rhagor o wybodaeth ewch i Diabetes UK https://www.diabetes.org.uk/

Heart Disease

Clefyd y galon

Heart disease

Heart disease is a leading cause of death in the United Kingdom, and particularly in Wales, where the death rate is greater than in the majority of the countries in Western Europe.

Congenital heart disease – This is the term used to describe a range of birth defects that affect the way the heart works. If conditions are mild then a child may need no treatment but will be monitored through regular check-ups throughout their life. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary.

Coronary heart disease – This happens when the blood flow to your heart is reduced by the build-up of fatty deposits in the coronary arteries. This leads to heart attack or angina.

Angina – Angina isn’t a disease but a symptom of coronary heart disease. This is characterised by a tightness or heaviness in the chest which may spread to the arms, neck, jaw, face, back and stomach. It happens when the arteries of the heart become narrow and the heart doesn’t get enough oxygen-rich blood.

Heart attack – This happens when an artery gets blocked by a blood clot, stopping the supply of blood to the heart. If the blood supply is blocked for a long period of time then this causes part of the heart muscle to die because it has been starved of oxygen.

Heart failure – This happens when the heart is unable to pump blood around the body efficiently. It can happen because the heart is overworked or is damaged. Symptoms can be mild with minor heart failure, but individuals with severe heart failure will suffer from shortness of breath, tiredness and swelling of the feet and ankles.

An individual is more at risk of developing heart disease if they:

  • smoke
  • have high blood pressure
  • have a high blood cholesterol level
  • do not take regular exercise
  • have diabetes
  • are overweight.

Mae clefyd y galon yn un o brif achosion marwolaeth yn y Deyrnas Unedig, ac yn enwedig yng Nghymru, lle mae'r gyfradd marwolaethau yn fwy nag ydyw yn y rhan fwyaf o wledydd yng Ngorllewin Ewrop.

Clefyd cynhenid y galon – Dyma'r term a ddefnyddir i ddisgrifio amrywiaeth o namau geni sy'n effeithio ar y ffordd y mae'r galon yn gweithio. Os yw'r cyflwr yn un ysgafn yna efallai na fydd angen triniaeth ar blentyn ond caiff ei fonitro drwy drefnu iddo gael archwiliadau cyson drwy gydol ei fywyd. Mewn achosion difrifol, efallai y bydd angen llawdriniaeth.

Clefyd coronaidd y galon - Mae hyn yn digwydd pan fydd y gwaed sy'n llifo i'ch calon yn cael ei leihau oherwydd y dyddodion brasterog sy'n cronni yn y rhydwelïau coronaidd. Mae hyn yn arwain at drawiad ar y galon neu angina.

Angina – Nid yw angina yn glefyd ond yn hytrach yn symptom o glefyd coronaidd y galon. Nodweddir hyn gan deimlad o dyndra neu drymder yn y frest a all ledu i'r breichiau, y gwddf, yr ên, yr wyneb, y cefn a'r stumog. Mae'n digwydd pan fydd rhydwelïau'r galon yn culhau a phan na fydd y galon yn cael digon o waed yn llawn ocsigen.

Trawiad ar y galon – Mae hyn yn digwydd pan fydd rhydweli'n cael ei blocio gan glot gwaed, sy'n atal y cyflenwad o waed i'r galon. Os caiff y cyflenwad gwaed ei flocio am gyfnod hir o amser yna bydd rhan o gyhyr y galon yn marw am nad yw wedi cael ocsigen.

Methiant y galon – mae hyn yn digwydd pan na fydd y galon yn gallu pwmpio gwaed o amgylch y corff yn effeithlon. Gall ddigwydd am fod y galon yn gorweithio neu wedi ei niweidio. Gall symptomau fod yn rhai ysgafn gyda methiant bach y galon, ond bydd unigolion â methiant difrifol y galon yn dioddef o brinder anadl, blinder a'r traed a'r pigyrnau'n chwyddo.

Bydd unigolyn yn wynebu mwy o risg o ddatblygu clefyd y galon os bydd un o'r canlynol yn wir:

  • mae'n ysmygu
  • mae ganddo bwysedd gwaed uchel
  • mae lefel uchel o golesterol yn ei waed
  • nid yw'n gwneud ymarfer corff yn rheolaidd
  • mae ganddo ddiabetes
  • mae dros bwysau.

Arthritis

Arthritis

Arthritis

Arthritis is a condition that causes pain and inflammation in the joints. It can affect individuals of all ages including children.

There are two types of arthritis:

Rheumatoid arthritis is caused by the immune system targeting affected joints which causes pain and swelling. Individuals with this type of arthritis can also develop problems with other tissues and organs in their body.

Osteoarthritis is the most common type of arthritis and usually affects individuals over the age of 40 or individuals of any age due to a previous injury. The arthritis affects the cartilage lining of the joints making them stiff and painful. The joints most commonly affected are hands, spine, knees and hips.

Individuals can be treated for osteoarthritis with painkillers such as ibuprofen and with steroid creams. In severe cases the joint may need replacing through surgery.

Treatment for rheumatoid arthritis aims to reduce swelling and pain and slow down the damage to the joints. This type of arthritis cannot be cured but with early treatment which may include lifestyle changes, medication, supportive treatments and surgery, the risk of joint damage and deformation can be reduced.

Individuals suffering from rheumatoid arthritis will need support from GPs as well as other specialists.

Living with arthritis: https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=138&v=pGDTcvJ2esc

Further reading:
https://www.publichealthnetwork.cymru/en/topics/noncommunicable-diseases-ncds/arthritis/
https://www.bda.uk.com/foodfacts/Arthritis.pdf
https://www.bda.uk.com/foodfacts/OsteoArthritis.pdf
https://www.arthritiscare.org.uk/in-your-area/wales

Cyflwr sy'n achosi poen a llid yn y cymalau yw arthritis. Gall effeithio ar unigolion o bob oed, gan gynnwys plant.

Mae dau fath o arthritis:

Mae arthritis gwynegol yn cael ei achosi pan fo'r system imiwnedd yn targedu cymalau sydd wedi eu heffeithio, sy'n arwain at boen a chwyddo. Gall unigolion â'r math hwn o arthritis hefyd ddatblygu problemau â meinweoedd ac organau eraill yn y corff.

Osteoarthritis yw'r math mwyaf cyffredin o arthritis ac, fel arfer, mae'n effeithio ar unigolion dros 40 oed neu unigolion o unrhyw oed sydd wedi cael anaf blaenorol. Gall yr arthritis effeithio ar leinin cartilag y cymalau gan eu gwneud yn stiff ac yn boenus. Y cymalau sy'n cael eu taro fwyaf yw'r dwylo, yr asgwrn cefn, y pengliniau a'r cluniau.

Gall unigolion ddefnyddio cyffuriau lleddfu poen fel ibuprofen ac elïau steroid i drin osteoarthritis. Mewn achosion difrifol, efallai y bydd angen cael llawdriniaeth i osod cymalau newydd.

Nod y driniaeth ar gyfer arthritis gwynegol yw lleihau unrhyw chwyddo a phoen ac arafu'r niwed sy'n cael ei wneud i'r cymalau. Nid oes gwellhad i'r math hwn o arthritis ond drwy driniaeth gynnar, a all gynnwys newidiadau i'ch ffordd o fyw, meddyginiaeth, triniaethau cefnogol a llawdriniaeth, mae modd lleihau'r risg y bydd y cymalau'n cael eu niweidio a'u hanffurfio.

Bydd angen i unigolion ag arthritis gwynegol gael cymorth gan eu meddyg teulu yn ogystal ag arbenigwyr eraill.

Byw gydag arthritis: https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=138&v=pGDTcvJ2esc

Darllen pellach:
https://www.publichealthnetwork.cymru/cy/topics/noncommunicable-diseases-ncds/arthritis/
https://www.bda.uk.com/foodfacts/Arthritis.pdf
https://www.bda.uk.com/foodfacts/OsteoArthritis.pdf
https://www.arthritiscare.org.uk/in-your-area/wales

Dementia

Dementia

Dementia

Dementia is a major public health issue in Wales with 42,000 (Stats for NHS Wales) individuals living with the condition. It affects 1 in 20 over 65s and 1 in 5 over 80s.

As life expectancy increases, there will be more elderly individuals and so more individuals with dementia.

Dementia is not a single illness but there are signs and symptoms to look out for:

  • memory loss, such as remembering past events much more easily than recent ones
  • problems thinking or reasoning, or finding it hard to follow conversations or TV programmes
  • feeling anxious, depressed or angry about memory loss, or feeling confused, even when in a familiar environment.

While dementia cannot be cured there is support available to make living with the disease more bearable:

  • community dementia support teams
  • day treatments
  • therapy sessions
  • multisensory activities
  • in-patient hospital admission
  • long-term institutional care.

The families and carers of individuals with dementia often need help and support too and this can be provided both formally and informally through the NHS and through social services.

Supporting individuals with dementia:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=34&v=dt8xjpY_IaQ
https://socialcare.wales/resources/a-story-about-me-liz

Further reading:
http://www.wales.nhs.uk/sitesplus/888/page/43960
https://socialcare.wales/cms_assets/file-uploads/Good-Work-Dementia-Learning-And-Development-Framework.pdf
https://www.alzheimers.org.uk/sites/default/files/migrate/downloads/this_is_me.pdf

Mae dementia yn broblem fawr o ran iechyd y cyhoedd yng Nghymru ac mae 42,000 (Ystadegau ar gyfer GIG Cymru) o unigolion yn byw gyda'r cyflwr. Mae'n effeithio ar 1 o bob 20 o unigolion dros 65 oed ac 1 o bob 5 o unigolion dros 80 oed.

Wrth i ddisgwyliad oes gynyddu, bydd mwy o unigolion oedrannus a mwy o unigolion felly â dementia.

Nid un salwch yw dementia ond mae arwyddion a symptomau y dylech gadw llygad amdanynt:

  • y cof yn methu, megis cofio digwyddiadau yn y gorffennol yn haws o lawer na rhai diweddar
  • problemau o ran meddwl neu resymu, neu ei chael hi'n anodd dilyn sgyrsiau neu raglenni teledu
  • teimlo'n bryderus, yn isel neu'n ddig am y ffaith bod y cof yn methu, neu deimlo'n ddryslyd, hyd yn oed mewn amgylchedd cyfarwydd.

Er na ellir gwella dementia mae cymorth ar gael fel ei bod yn haws byw gyda'r clefyd:

  • timau cefnogi dementia cymunedol
  • triniaethau dydd
  • sesiynau therapi
  • gweithgareddau amlsynhwyraidd
  • derbyniad fel claf mewnol
  • gofal hirdymor sefydliadol.

Yn aml, mae angen help a chymorth ar deuluoedd a gofalwyr unigolion â dementia hefyd a gall y cymorth hwn gael ei ddarparu'n ffurfiol ac yn anffurfiol drwy'r GIG a thrwy'r gwasanaethau cymdeithasol.

Cefnogi unigolion â dementia:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=34&v=dt8xjpY_IaQ
https://socialcare.wales/resources/a-story-about-me-liz

Darllen pellach:
http://www.wales.nhs.uk/sitesplus/888/tudalen/44179/
https://gofalcymdeithasol.cymru/cms_assets/file-uploads/Gwaith-Da-Fframwaith-Dysgu-a-Datblygu-Dementia-i-Gymru2.pdf
https://www.alzheimers.org.uk/sites/default/files/migrate/downloads/this_is_me_bilingual_welsh.pdf

Cancer

Canser

Cancer

Breast, prostate, bowel and lung cancers are the most common cancers in Wales.

The risk of cancer can be reduced by eating healthily, taking regular exercise, not smoking, reducing the intake of alcohol and attending all screenings.

If an individual develops cancer then their chance of a full recovery is significantly improved if the cancer is detected early.

Treatment usually involves surgery to remove the tumour followed by chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy.

Individuals with cancer may need a range of support in addition to their medical treatment, such as psychological support, and social support in terms of concerns about employment and finances.

Families of individuals with cancer may also need support in order to deal with their emotions when caring for their loved one.

Further reading:
http://www.walescanet.wales.nhs.uk/home

Canser y fron, canser y prostad, canser y coluddyn a chanser yr ysgyfaint yw'r canserau mwyaf cyffredin yng Nghymru.

Mae modd lleihau'r risg o ganser drwy fwyta'n iach, gwneud ymarfer corff yn rheolaidd, peidio ag ysmygu, yfed llai o alcohol a mynychu pob apwyntiad sgrinio.

Os bydd unigolyn yn datblygu canser, mae ei siawns o wella'n llwyr yn llawer gwell os bydd y canser yn cael ei ganfod yn gynnar.

Mae'r driniaeth fel arfer yn cynnwys llawdriniaeth i dynnu'r tiwmor ac yna gemotherapi a/neu radiotherapi.

Mae'n bosibl y bydd angen amrywiaeth o gymorth ar unigolion â chanser yn ychwanegol at eu triniaeth feddygol, fel cymorth seicolegol, a chymorth cymdeithasol mewn perthynas â chyflogaeth ac arian.

Efallai hefyd y bydd angen cymorth ar deuluoedd unigolion sydd â chanser i'w helpu i ymdopi â'u hemosiynau pan fyddant yn gofalu am eu hanwylyd.

Darllen pellach:
http://www.walescanet.wales.nhs.uk/home

Cancer

Watch the video and make a bulleted list of how patients can be supported

Canser

Gwyliwch y fideo a lluniwch restr bwled gan nodi sut y gall cleifion gael eu cefnogi